1
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Text
Stephen Price, DDS
M&M Tile and Granite/Design
Concepts
Janet Carter, OD
Mane Salon
Solace Tattoo
Elko Fly Shop
Lostra Brothers Towing
Western Folklife Center
Relax in Style - John Sherwood
T he Arts and Letters
Department/GBC
On f1V8r'/ afflcs
Top 10 list, this
movie
chronicles the
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struggles to find
his place In the
wot1dwhlle
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Scrapbooks of GBC, NNCC, and ECC history.
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Scans of the scrapbooks maintained by the library since the late 1960s detailing the history of and events at Elko Community College, Northeastern Nevada Community College, and Great Basin College.
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GBC Library
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Great Basin College
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Christina Park, Eric Walsh, and Geneva Blackmer / GBC Library
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Scrapbooks of GBC, NNCC, and ECC history.
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An account of the resource
Scans of the scrapbooks maintained by the library since the late 1960s detailing the history of and events at Elko Community College, Northeastern Nevada Community College, and Great Basin College.
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GBC Library
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Scrapbooks of GBC, NNCC, and ECC history.
Description
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Scans of the scrapbooks maintained by the library since the late 1960s detailing the history of and events at Elko Community College, Northeastern Nevada Community College, and Great Basin College.
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GBC Library
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Scrapbooks of GBC, NNCC, and ECC history.
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Scans of the scrapbooks maintained by the library since the late 1960s detailing the history of and events at Elko Community College, Northeastern Nevada Community College, and Great Basin College.
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GBC Library
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Great Basin College
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Lloyd
Hanks
Great
Basin
Indian
Archive
GBIA
033
Oral
History
Interview
by
Norm
Cavanaugh
April
16,
2014
Owyhee,
NV
Great
Basin
College
•
Great
Basin
Indian
Archives
1500
College
Parkway
Elko,
Nevada
89801
hCp://www.gbcnv.edu/gbia/
775.738.8493
Produced
in
partnership
with
Barrick
Gold
of
North
America
�GBIA 033
Interviewee: Lloyd Hanks
Interviewer: Norm Cavanaugh
Date: April 16, 2014
H:
My name is Lloyd Hanks. And I’m a member of the Shoshone-Paiute Tribe here on the
Duck Valley Reservation that’s located on the Nevada-Idaho border, about a hundred
fifty miles south of Boise, Idaho. And I understand this project is for the SYLAP
program, and my feeling is that all our youth need to know where they come from, who
their ancestors are, and where our languages are from. Your language, the Uto-Aztecan
Shoshonean language is a very big language group. Our group—our languages are related
all the way from Central America to the California coast, to the Great Basin, into
Wyoming, and into Oklahoma. So, it’s important that you know what your language
bases are. And if you don’t know it, you can study it. Look it up on the internet, and
you’ll find all kinds of information on the languages. So, what I’m going to be talking
about is, our Indian veterans here on the Duck Valley Reservation. And also, when I get
done with that, I’ll be talking about Native American veterans, and those in the military
from the time our country was founded to the present time. So, I’ll start by saying that my
mother came from the Paradise Valley area, which is about fifty miles west of here. And
my father, some of his people came from the Bruneau area, and my grandmother on my
dad’s side, I believe she came from around the Reese River area. But because my dad
passed away when I was very young, that—I don’t know a lot of the history on my
father’s side. But, being here—when I came back from the military— [Laughter] Oh,
well, I better back up a little bit, tell you that I’m retired from the Air Force. I served
about 34 years on active duty in the Air Guard and the Retired Reserve. And I was in for
34 years, and I retired as a master sergeant. And my military family side is my father,
Clarence Hanks, who our American Legion Post is named after. Our Legion Post is
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033;
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named Jack Hanks, and it’s named after two individuals from our community who were
killed in action in World War II in Europe. And one was my father, Clarence Hanks,
Private First Class serving with the 29th Infantry Division, and he was killed somewhere
around the Sigfried Line, in Germany. The other individual was Sidney Jack. He was
with the first infantry division, and he participated in the Normandy landing. And that’s
where he was wounded, and died from his wounds. And he was also awarded the Bronze
Star for his valor. So, that’s where our name, Jack Hanks, comes from for our post. And
we’ve had other military people from here who were killed in action. There was Gerald
Whiterock, who was killed in action in Korea. David Pursley, also killed in action in
Korea. In Vietnam, we lost two people from our community. Larry Parker, with the 173rd
Airborne Brigade, on his, probably second or third tour to Vietnam, he was killed in
action. Captain Eddie Molino. He was a green beret the first time he went to Vietnam. He
came back and went to helicopter school, and then he went back to Vietnam, and he was
lost in a crash, or he was shot down in Cambodia. But as a small community, we have a
very large number of veterans from all services, all eras of the service. We have probably
over 300 veterans on this reservation now. My own side of the family, my brother was in
the Navy, he served on the U.S.S. Cole, which was a Destroyer. My brother Roland, he
served in Fort Myer, Virginia, with a unit that’s called USASCAF. It’s a unit that
performs services to all the Congressional people and stuff. Big wheels in the
Washington, D.C. area. One of the high side of his tour over there in Fort Myer was he
got to drive in one of the inaugural parades. And my nephew, Garland Deppler, was in
the Navy, serving on the U.S.S. Ranger as an aircraft mechanic, the same as I was. So we
had a lot of good talks with him. My cousin, Bernard Rose, served in the Army. I have a
�
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grandson, Kendrick Owyhee. He’s been in the Army since 2000, May of 2000. And he
volunteered to be a cavalry scout. And what they do is, they operate Humvees and
Bradleys, and they go out and scout in front of the troops before they move in. And he
took his training at Fort Knox. Kentucky. And then after his training, he was assigned to
the Third Armored Cavalry in Fort Carson, Colorado. And then, after the 9/11, he went to
Iraq with the Third Armored Cavalry. And then he came back for a short break, and then
went back again. Back to Iraq with the same unit. And then he was selected to be an
instructor at the U.S. Army armor school at Ft. Knox, Kentucky. And after he finished
there, he went to the Thirteenth Armored Cavalry Regiment at Ft. Bliss, Texas. And he
went back to Iraq again. And then, after he got back from Iraq, he got assigned to the 4th
Infantry Division in Fort Carson, Colorado. And with the 61st Cavalry. And then he went
back to, went to Afghanistan. And then he came back, he was back about a year. And just
this past March, he went back to Afghanistan with the 61st Cavalry, 4th Infantry. So he’s
over there now in Afghanistan. So he had five tours, so that’s equivalent to five years in a
combat zone. But I’m proud of what he did, and also proud of all our young men and
women who are serving on active duty now. A lot of them are staying in and not coming
back because of the way our economy is presently. But we had a lot of people during
World War II. Almost all our male people were in the military. And this was a real
hardship to the families that were left behind. Because back then, everything was
rationed. And if your family member was in the military, you were issued ration cards.
And you used these cards to buy sugar, leather goods, tires if you owned a car, gasoline,
things like that. Because during the war years, everything was restricted. You couldn’t
just go out and buy them. And so, our people were all over in Europe, and the
�
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033;
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4
China/Burma area, in the Pacific, in all branches of service. And after they all came back,
some of them went on to school, and learned some trades. Others came back and started
ranching, and doing other things. And raising families. And a lot of them chose to be our
tribal leaders with our tribal government. And then Korea came about, and a lot of our
young men, some volunteered to go into the military. Others were drafted. And about,
probably 40-50 people from our little reservation here ended up in Korea. And Korea was
a bad place to be because of the real cold weathers they had there, where people couldn’t
fight good because everything was freezing. Their guns would freeze up. And plasma that
they tried to give to wounded troops would freeze. And things like that. But lot of them
came back, and like I said, we lost two people over there. And then, during Vietnam, a lot
of our young men also went to Vietnam. And some were wounded pretty bad. Two were
killed. And lot of them ran into each other at the different hospitals, like in Washington,
and in California. So, they all got together, and enjoyed their company. And then, after
that, Desert Storm, the first Gulf War came about, and some of our young men ended up
over there, also. And then, after 9/11, the war in Afghanistan and Iraq came about, and a
lot of our young men and women volunteered for the services, and ended up in Iraq and
Afghanistan, and other areas in the Middle East. And like I said, some of them are
choosing to remain in the military, and others came back, used their military training to
get jobs, like with the Border Patrol, working with the military, and teaching other
military personnel from the skills they learned in the military. So that’s pretty much what
our people have done with their service. And myself, I joined right out of high school,
because at that time, jobs were scarce if you didn’t have training. And back in them days,
there weren’t scholarships like there are now. So, the only option for me was to join the
�
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Air Force. So I joined the Air Force in 1957 when I was 18. I took my basic training at
Lackland Air Force Base in Texas, and then they give you all kinds of qualification tests
in the military. And I qualified to get into aircraft maintenance. So, they sent me to
Sheppard Air Force Base in Texas, and I didn’t know yet what I was going to get into.
Until I got there. And then after I got there, they found out what squadron I was going to,
and they said, “That’s where you go for jet engine training.” So I started my technical
training as a jet engine mechanic. After I completed there, I got assigned to Whiteman
Air Force Base in Missouri as a jet engine mechanic, working on jet engines on B-47
bombers. So I did that for about 2 years, and then I cross-trained over into jet aircraft
maintenance, where I worked on J-33 single engine jet trainers. And I was responsible for
everything on the plane, the engines, landing gears, and everything. And wherever that
plane went, I went. [Laughter] If it went into inspection docks where we had to tear it all
down and everything, and inspect everything, I had to be there and take care of all the
writeups, clear them. Some of the items we had to send to specialty shops like the jet
engine shops, electrical shops. And then when they all come back, we had to put them all
back together, and then get the plane back on the line, and the pilots would do a test hop
on it. And if everything worked, then I ended up back on the flight line with my plane. So
one of the highlights of my tour as an aircraft mechanic was, I was selected to be a crew
chief. Crew chief is the name of the person that’s responsible for the whole airplane. And
I was selected to be a crew chief for the general’s plane. So, the first general I worked for
was a one-star general, a brigadier general. And he left, and the other general that came
in was a two-star general. And then, while I was there, I was up at personnel one day—
well, let me back up just a little bit. No, that’s all right. I went up to personnel to do
�
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something, and I heard people talking that were saying that, “We need three volunteers
from the aircraft field to go into Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Program.” So, I went
back to the flight line and told two of my friends. So, we went back and we volunteered.
And my unit were saying, “We can’t afford to let you go, because we’re going to be short
of people, because people are getting out and they’re getting transferred to different
places in the Air Force.” And finally, we got orders that came down by name, rank, serial
number, and Air Force project. So then, we knew they couldn’t keep us from going. So
then I was reassigned to Forbes Air Force Base in Kansas. I didn’t know what kind of
missile I was going to be assigned to until I got there. After I got there, we found out that
we were going to be on the Atlas E [SM-65E] missiles, intercontinental ballistic missiles.
That’s all we knew, we didn’t know what our jobs were going to be. So then, after we
were there for a couple of months, they sent us back to Sheppard Air Force Base in
Texas. And then put us in school, and I found out that I was going to be a missile
maintenance technician. And my job was going to be all the ground support equipment
that supports that intercontinental ballistic missile to be launched. And also, I had to
know everything about the missile itself. So it was a tough school, and I had to struggle
in some areas to make it. But I made it. And then we went back to our base in Kansas. I
knew I was a missile maintenance technician, but yet I didn’t know exactly what I was
going to do. Well, after I got back, they started picking missile launch crews—or, they
called them, “Missile Combat Crews.” They had, there was going to be: two officers; a
missiles combat crew commander; a deputy missile combat crew commander, which is
probably a captain or a first lieutenant; a ballistic missile analyst technician, who is an
expert in electronics, and he was responsible for all the electronics, ground support
�
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equipment, and electronics aboard the missile; and the missile maintenance technician,
which was me, and I was responsible for all the mechanical portions of the site and the
missile; and an engine power production specialist. Our missile sites were self-contained.
We produced our own electric power. Our own heating and cooling, air conditioning.
Everything that was on the site was produced right there. And the site was built so that
we were 25 feet underground, and then our missile was located about a hundred feet
away from us through a long tunnel. And the missile laid horizontally, and then, when we
got ready to launch, it would raise up, and then we would fill it up with rocket propellant
and liquid oxygen, helium, liquid nitrogen, and everything, ‘til it got to the launch point.
So we all had to be at our assigned positions during launch. And do whatever we were
assigned to do. And a lot of those things, we had to know right off of the top of our
heads, because if something went wrong, we didn’t have the luxury of calling in people
from the base. If we were in a launch condition, we had to correct the problem and get the
missile off the ground and on its way. And this is one thing a lot of people didn’t know:
that in 1962, we came very close to a nuclear war with Russia. This was what was called
the “Cuban Missile Crisis,” where the Russians were building missiles on the island of
Cuba, and these missiles were capable of hitting every major city in the United States,
with the exception of a very small portion, probably, up on the northeast part of the state
of Washington. And these were all nuclear weapons, which would have just wiped out
everything they hit. And our missiles carried nuclear weapons also. We didn’t know
where our targets were. That’s one thing that they never told us, we had a selection of
Target A or B. We didn’t know where they were. We didn’t know if they were
groundburst or airburst. So we didn’t know if they were going to, the warheads were
�
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going to burst before they hit the ground, or burst when they hit the ground. You know,
you’ve all seen what atomic bombs did to Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The bombs, atomic
bombs, that were dropped there were seven kilotons. This means they were about seven
thousand tons of TNT, or equivalent to that. And the one that was dropped on Nagasaki
was about 12 kilotons, or 12,000 tons, of TNT. Our warheads were rated at about 8
megatons. This is 8 million tons of TNT. And when they exploded on the ground from
point zero, which is the center of where the bomb hit, probably 25 miles out from that
point is going to be nothing. And from there on out, the destruction will be less and less.
But once the bomb explodes, then all that air that the bomb pushes out is going to go out.
Then it’s going to cause a vacuum. And then, that vacuum, all that air that got pushed
out’s got to go somewhere. So all that air’s going to come back in, causing more
destruction, and go on up. So. So it’s, it was very destructive. But we didn’t know exactly
how close we came to a nuclear war. Normally, on the site, we have one crew per site, of
five people on the launch crew and four security guards. During the Cuban crisis, they
doubled that. We had two crews, which is ten people, and eight security people, and they
doubled our length of tours, so we were on the site for 48 hours at a time. Both the
missile crews and the security guards. So, it got pretty crowded down in the missile sites.
But, if our President Kennedy wasn’t as strong as he was, there is no telling where we
would have ended. So, be proud of your relatives who served in the military. Thank them.
Because they, all of them, we owe our gratitude, our freedom, our way of life. To be here,
to practice our native ways, to practice our languages. So. And that’s, I want you guys to
be sure that you respect your people. Have respect for your elders. Respect your
language. Respect your Tribe. Know who you are, know where you came from. Know
�
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your language. You may not know it fluently, but learn it from elders. Be curious. Always
be willing to learn. So that’s some of what I’ve encountered. And the main thing I want
to emphasize on you is, stay in school. Because if you do plan to go in the military, there
are a lot of very good careers now. But you need a lot of schooling to get into them. Like,
there’s a lot of computer fields that are open to you, that, if you go through it, finish it in
the military, there’s lot of jobs on the civilian side that’ll be open to you, that you can
qualify for. There’s a lot of jobs in the military that you can qualify for. Good jobs in the
civilian world. Or they’ll prepare you to be, be ahead when you do come back and decide
to go to, go on to college or whatever you want to do. But the main thing is, develop your
interests now, and look at what courses are going to help you through your high school
years. And take those courses. And if I didn’t take Physics—I think that helped me the
most—I wouldn’t have got in to all the technical skills that I was able to get into. So
think about it. Think about it, about what you want to do. Now, and while you’re in
school. And think ahead, five or ten years down the road. So, let’s kind of move on to
what our Native Americans contributed to our country. And our Native Americans have
always been active in our military. For over 200 years, when our country was first being
developed, they sided with our frontiersmen against the British, and the French. And the
frontiersmen learned a lot of skills from our native people. How to fight. And lot of those
skills were passed on to the non-Indians, like the Rogers’ Rangers from the wars, early
wars. They used those skills of the Rogers’ Rangers, they handed them down to what’s
now our Special Forces, our Green Berets, our Marine Recon, our SEALs. Those skills
they learned were skills that were taught to them by the Native Americans. So, our Native
Americans played a big part in what our military is now. And our Native Americans have
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the highest enlistment rate of any ethnic group in our country. We have more Indians per
capita in the military than all the other ethnic groups, like the Hispanics, the blacks, the
whites. And our leaders appreciate that. And that’s because of our, the warrior traditions,
from all of our elders, and our different tribes, that were passed down to us. And what
that tradition said was that the warriors are to protect our people, our homelands, our
property, our way of life, our religion, and our game, and everything that Native
Americans survived on before the Europeans came. So those were things that they
learned, and those were passed down by our ancestors, down to us. And out of those
warrior traditions, to qualify to be in the military, you had to be brave, you had to be
dedicated, you had to have strength. You had to have pride—pride in yourself, pride in
your country. And that’s what our native people bring to us. The other thing that, other
thing that’s different with the Native Americans in the military is that, before they go in,
they go through ceremonies to bless them. And a lot of times, they are given things to
take with them to go to war. Little medicine bags to carry with them that may have
different things in them, or eagle feathers that has been blessed and given to them. Like
my grandson, he carried an eagle feather all the way through his deployments, that was
blessed by two combat veterans. And one time, he was telling me that him and another
guy, that they were on this Bradley, which is like a small tank, and an enemy fired a
rocket-propelled grenade at them. And there was just a small opening, there was no way
that two of them could get through that small opening, so they just stood there and
watched that rocket-propelled grenade coming at them. And before it got there, the
grenade disintegrated. And another time, his Bradley ran over a mine, a big mine, and it
didn’t detonate. So, he said that was probably because of what he carried with him. The
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eagle feather. That was to protect him. So, that’s how we are different from the nonIndians. Some of the other things that you have probably seen, is like the flag raising on
Iwo Jima. The marines raising the flag. And this was, the picture that was taken shows
the marines raising the flag. And that picture was taken by Joseph Rosenthal. That picture
was the second flag-raising. There was a first flag-raising of a smaller flag. And there
was a Native American marine that took part in that. And his name was Louis Charlo. He
was from the Salish tribe, of the Flathead Reservation in Montana. The second flagraising also had a Native American. And this was Corporal Ira Hayes, a Pima Indian from
the Gila River Indian Reservation in Arizona. Of the five people that raised the second
flag, only three of them survived. Ira Hayes survived, John Bradley, a pharmacist from
the Navy—he was a corpsman—and René Gagnon, a Marine private. And after that flagraising, they were ordered to return to the United States, and they were put on a tour to
help sell war bonds. And that’s what they did. And Ira Hayes told the people wherever he
went, he said, “I’m not a hero. My heroes didn’t come home.” And that was his thought,
and that was the way he thought about his military. And that’s the way a lot of our people
who come back are. They don’t claim to be anything, they keep it within themselves. So,
I thought that was interesting that there was two Native Americans with the flag-raising.
The other contribution that came about was our code-talkers. In World War II, the
Choctaw were code-talkers, and they served in Europe. There was 12,000 American
Indians that served in World War I, although they were not citizens yet. Yet they served.
And one of those, you’ve probably seen the movie about—oh, what’s his name, he’s—
anyway, a guy from World War I who was a conscientious objector. He was from the
Southern states, a white guy. They made a movie about him, and he won the
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Congressional Medal of Honor, for capturing Germans. But one thing that was never
brought about or made known was, one of the Choctaw code-talkers, by the name of Joe
Oklahombi, also captured 171 German prisoners, and killed 79 Germans. But he wasn’t
awarded the Medal of Honor, he was given the Silver Star. And that was a fallacy of a lot
of not only Indians, but the Japanese, the blacks, and the Hispanics that did great deeds of
bravery, lot of them weren’t recognized like the non-Indians. ‘Til recently. But the codetalkers, the best-known was the Navajos. They—let me back up to the code-talkers in
World War I. There were code-talkers from the Cherokee tribes, the Cheyenne tribes, the
Choctaw, the Comanche, Osage, and the Yankton Sioux. Then I mentioned about one of
them who did a great deed. In World War II, there were Assiniboines, Cherokee,
Chippewa, Oneida, Choctaw, Comanche, Hopi, Kiowa, Menominee, Muskogee Creek
and Seminole, Navajo, Pawnee, Sac and Fox, Meskwaki, Sioux—Lakota and Dakota
dialect. And the most well-known was the Navajo code-talkers who served in the Marine
Corps. They originally recruited twenty-nine Navajos to develop a code to be used,
because the other codes that the U.S. used were being broken by the Japanese. So, these
29 original code-talkers developed codes, and they taught these to the other code-talkers
that came after them, in their own language. And they used their own language, alphabet,
different things that they talked to. Like for an ant, letter for ant was A, or for the Navajo
was wol-la-chee, and different things like that. And they had to develop words for things
that weren’t common to the Navajo language, like fighter planes. So they had to develop
something for them, so they called a fighter planes “hummingbirds.” And different things
like that, that they didn’t have words for. And they were assigned to every unit that went
to war in the Pacific. And not only that, they assigned Marines to watch out for them, to
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protect them. And not mainly to protect them from being captured; to protect them so that
there was no way that they could, to give out the code that they had developed. So if they
ever got captured, these people that were there to protect them, they had orders to shoot
and kill these Navajo code-talkers. My son went to a conference when he was going to
SIPI in Socorro, New Mexico. And a code-talker came in and talked to them. And he told
them, “We weren’t code-talkers by choice.” The marines told them that, “If you don’t
volunteer to be a code-talker, we know where your families live.” So a lot of them who
didn’t volunteer were made to be code-talkers. The other code-talkers that served in
Europe was the Comanches. They served with the 4th Infantry Division in Europe. And
they did the same thing. They used their own language, Comanche language, which is
related to the language that you guys are going to be studying while you guys are over
there. And they used the same languages to talk to each other. And they also developed
words that they could use in their own language. Like, for Hitler, they called him a “crazy
white man” in the Comanche language. It was, “Posa Taibo.” That’s what they called
him. Crazy White Man. But they had to develop words for things that weren’t common to
the Comanche language. And other tribes served in different places all over the world.
The Hopi people served in Europe with the Army Air Force, and they also did that, used
their language to talk about the missions and things like that. So, it’s been said that the
war would have lasted longer had it not been for the code-talkers. So, by shortening the
war, many lives were lost. Because if the Japanese didn’t surrender, the U.S. was going to
attack Japan itself, with great losses. So… So our people saved a lot of lives. And other
things that happened is that many Indians were decorated for their bravery during the
war. And the United States has a medal that’s called a Congressional Medal of Honor.
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This medal was established by George Washington, when he was the first president. And
awarded for bravery in all conflicts since then. And the criteria for winning this award is
very strict. Only 36,000 medals have been awarded, from all the conflicts from when
George Washington fought to our present conflicts. Prior to World War I, like during the
Indian campaigns, nine Indian scouts were awarded the Medal of Honor. In World War
II, seven American Indians were awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor. In Korea,
three were awarded the Medal of Honor. And three were awarded Medal of Honor in
Vietnam. And there again, some of these were late in coming. Like the award to a Sioux
warrior from the community of Sisseton, South Dakota. He fought in Korea and World
War II. And he was awarded, his actions for his valor in Korea. But there was no followthrough on the recommendations, or the recommendations were lost, and different things
like that, until some Congressional people and tribal people pushed it. And so, just
recently, they awarded him his Medal of Honor, but he had already died, so he didn’t live
to see that. In our little community here, we have veterans from all branches of service,
all eras. And when I came back from the service, I thought about, how can we honor our
people? They deserve some kind of recognition. So, I started working on a database, to
try to list all our people from here that served in the military in all branches of service.
And later on, after I developed it and other people saw it, I got more help, and we
developed more, and we even included people who have relatives that live here but
served in the military from different reservations. And we added them to our database,
and we keep track of all our people who are currently on active duty, where they’re on
active duty. And if new people join, the families let us know, and we add them. And we
also include employees from our organizations that serve our tribe, like the Bureau of
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Indian Affairs, Law Department, our schools, and all our different people that come here
to work with our tribe. So we add them to our database also. So, right now it’s pretty
complete. So we have a total of about 312 veterans living here in Duck Valley, and I
think I already covered how we got to name the Legion Post, and our casualties from
here. Every November, we have a Veteran’s Day Powwow. And the Veterans lead the
Grand Entry. And we have a eagle staff that we carry. And on that eagle staff, we have,
on the medicine wheel, two eagle feathers for the two people killed in World War II, and
two eagle feathers on the medicine wheel for the two that were killed in Korea. On the
staff itself are seven eagle feathers for the seven Native Americans from the state of
Nevada who were killed in action in Vietnam. And those are, those names on the staff are
read off as the Grand Entry comes in. So that is one thing that we make sure that we do,
every year. And another thing that we make sure that we do is that, we honor our veterans
who are deceased, while they are being buried. We always have a veterans’ group there
with firing squad, play the taps, and present the flag to the next of kin. We also plant
flags on all our graves on our five cemeteries. And that is an ongoing things that we
always want to carry on. So, that’s pretty much my presentation on how we honor our
veterans, both from here and all over America and other tribes. And I appreciate the
opportunity to talk to you people. And should you ever be in our area, or have questions,
don’t be afraid to ask me. And if you see a veteran or somebody in uniform, go shake
their hands and thank them. And they’ll appreciate it. In closing, I would like to say I
appreciate Norman Cavanaugh’s interest in working with the SYLAP program in
developing things to be presented to all the participants there at SYLAP, and I want to
thank him for his efforts in promoting culture here with our tribe. And while he was
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working for the Great Basin College. And I had the pleasure of working with Norman
Cavanaugh when I was working with the Indian Health Service, so I have known Norman
for quite a while, and I always appreciate talking to him. And I learn a lot of things by
talking to him. So he’s always pleasant to be around. And if you see him, you know what
I mean. So if you see him, if he happens to be there, just tell him thank you, and tell him
you appreciate his efforts. Thanks.
[End of recording]
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Western Shoshone Oral Histories
Subject
The topic of the resource
Oral histories of Western Shoshone elders collected by the Great Basin Indian Archive.
Description
An account of the resource
Oral histories compiled
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Great Basin Indian Archive, in partnership with Barrick Gold of North America
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
GBIA Oral History Collections
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Great Basin Indian Archive
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
2006-2015
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
The person(s) performing the interview
Norm Cavanaugh
Interviewee
The person(s) being interviewed
Loyd Hanks
Location
The location of the interview
Duck Valley reservation (Owyhee, NV-ID)
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
AVI and MP4 format
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
00:58:27
Transcription
Any written text transcribed from a sound
http://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/admin/files/show/624
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Loyd Hanks - Oral history (04/16/2014)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Oral history interview with Loyd Hanks, Western Shoshone from Duck Valley reservation, NV-ID, on 04/16/2017
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Loyd Hanks is a Western Shoshone from the Duck Valley reservation his family came from both Paradise Valley, NV and Reese River, NV. Loyd talks about how he became a crew chief in the U.S. Air Force as part of a jet engine mechanic crew, and how he also worked on a missile crew during the Cuban missile crisis involving Russia. He also speaks and honors previous Native American military men, and also pays tribute towards the different Native American code-talkers during the various wars involving the U.S. He also speaks about how the culture helped these individuals survive the turmoil of the wars, and moreover gives advice to the younger audience relaying that learning and preserving the culture is vital and worthwhile.</p>
<p>Video pending</p>
<p><a title="Read Loyd Hanks oral history transcript" href="/omeka/admin/files/show/624" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read Loyd Hanks oral history transcript</a> [pdf file]</p>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Great Basin Indian Archives
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Great Basin Indian Archives - GBIA 033
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Great Basin Indian Archives
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
04/16/2014 [16 April 2014]; 2014 April 16
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Norm Cavanaugh [interviewer]; James Hedrick [GBIA/VHC]; University of Utah SYLAP [streaming video]; Great Basin College; BARRICK Gold of North America
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Non-commercial scholarly and educational use only. Not to be reproduced or published without express permission. All rights reserved. Great Basin Indian Archives © 2017.
Consent form on file (administrator access only): http://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/admin/items/show/410
Language
A language of the resource
English
code talkers
Community
Crossroads
Duck Valley Reservation
GBIA
history
military
Shoshone
Story
U.S Force
veteran
-
https://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/files/original/4d129572a7284f980f63abd7e2bbebdd.jpg
cbf121362e9b5b69359a614c63800f27
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Western Shoshone Oral Histories
Subject
The topic of the resource
Oral histories of Western Shoshone elders collected by the Great Basin Indian Archive.
Description
An account of the resource
Oral histories compiled
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Great Basin Indian Archive, in partnership with Barrick Gold of North America
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
GBIA Oral History Collections
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Great Basin Indian Archive
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
2006-2015
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
The person(s) performing the interview
James Hedrick
Interviewee
The person(s) being interviewed
Janey Blackeye-Bryan and Shasta Blackeye-Adair
Location
The location of the interview
Great Basin College (Elko, NV)
Transcription
Any written text transcribed from a sound
Transcription in progress
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
MP4
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
00:59:30
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Janey Blackeye-Bryan and Shasta Blackeye-Adair - Oral history (08/01/2017)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Oral history interview with Janey Blackeye-Bryan and Shasta Blackeye-Adair, Western Shoshone from Duckwater, NV, on 08/01/2017
Description
An account of the resource
<p>In Janey Blackeye-Bryan and Shasta Blackeye-Adair’s second presentation to the Shoshone Community Language Initiative (SCLI) program at Great Basin College they continue to talk about their history and the traditions of the Western Shoshone. They begin by singing a Shoshone Honor song that was created by their father/grandfather Willie Blackeye from Duckwater reservation, NV. Then they move onto express the importance of the language program and moreover how important it is to stay in school and stay strong like our ancestors use to.<br /> <br />Presented at the 2017 Shoshone Community Language Initiative summer youth program (SCLI 17).</p>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdnapi.kaltura.com/p/2096981/sp/209698100/embedIframeJs/uiconf_id/39808892/partner_id/2096981?autoembed=true&entry_id=0_mazdmku1&playerId=kaltura_player_1502219206&cache_st=1502219206&width=560&height=395&flashvars[streamerType]=auto"></script>
<p><a href="http://www.kaltura.com/tiny/6wwsx" target="_blank" rel="noopener">View oral history video in separate page if above player not working</a><br /> <br />Transcript pending</p>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Great Basin Indian Archives
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Great Basin Indian Archives - GBIA 66
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Great Basin Indian Archives
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
08/01/2017 [01 August 2017]; 2017 August 01
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
James Hedrick [interviewer]; James Hedrick [GBIA/VHC]; University of Utah SYLAP [streaming video]; Great Basin College; BARRICK
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Non-commercial scholarly and educational use only. Not to be reproduced or published without express permission. All rights reserved. Great Basin Indian Archives © 2017.
Consent form on file (administrator access only): http://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/admin/items/show/407
Language
A language of the resource
English; some Shoshoni
Community
Crossroads
Duckwater Reservation
GBIA
Shoshone
Story
traditional ceremony
traditional songs
traditions
veteran
-
https://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/files/original/fde931ad916766a8a6280b406f0ea4b8.jpg
140bfc5a294e5d755c48768903665e4b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Western Shoshone Oral Histories
Subject
The topic of the resource
Oral histories of Western Shoshone elders collected by the Great Basin Indian Archive.
Description
An account of the resource
Oral histories compiled
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Great Basin Indian Archive, in partnership with Barrick Gold of North America
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
GBIA Oral History Collections
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Great Basin Indian Archive
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
2006-2015
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
The person(s) performing the interview
James Hedrick
Interviewee
The person(s) being interviewed
Janey Bryan and Shasta Blackeye-Adair
Location
The location of the interview
Great Basin College (Elko, NV)
Transcription
Any written text transcribed from a sound
Transcription in progress
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
MP4
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
01:01:56
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Janey Blackeye-Bryan and Shasta Blackeye-Adair - Oral history (07/31/2017)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Oral history interview with Janey Blackeye-Bryan and Shasta Blackeye-Adair, Western Shoshones from Duckwater, NV, on 07/31/2017.
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Janey Blackeye-Bryan and Shasta Blackeye-Adair presented a lecture to the Shoshone Community Language Initiative (SCLI) program at Great Basin College over the heritage of the Western Shoshone. They begin their presentation by going over women and men’s right of passages in regards to Western Shoshones. They talk about the traditions that they had to practice growing up which included hunting, dating, and so on. They also give us a view into the language and how it refers to the culture. Moreover, they give us an insight into their personal histories growing up in Duckwater, NV.<br /> <br />Presented at the 2017 Shoshone Community Language Initiative summer youth program (SCLI 17).</p>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdnapi.kaltura.com/p/2096981/sp/209698100/embedIframeJs/uiconf_id/39808892/partner_id/2096981?autoembed=true&entry_id=0_nomfkgyt&playerId=kaltura_player_1502209988&cache_st=1502209988&width=560&height=395&flashvars[streamerType]=auto"></script>
<a href="http://www.kaltura.com/tiny/31d17" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Play oral history video in separate page if above player not working</a><br /> <br />Transcription pending
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Great Basin Indian Archives
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Great Basin Indian Archives - GBIA 065
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Great Basin Indian Archives
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
07/31/2017 [31 July 2017]; 2017 July 31
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
James Hedrick [interviewer]; James Hedrick [GBIA/VHC]; University of Utah SYLAP [streaming video]; Great Basin College; BARRICK
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Non-commercial scholarly and educational use only. Not to be reproduced or published without express permission. All rights reserved. Great Basin Indian Archives © 2017.
Consent form on file (administrator access only): http://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/admin/items/show/405
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
MP4
Language
A language of the resource
English; Shoshoni
Community
Crossroads
Duckwater Reservation
GBIA
history
hunting
rights of passage
Shoshone
Story
traditions
-
https://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/files/original/fd6e9fafa81a66c5843b548cb10338f0.jpg
a048f291da11f622697fa7f524521253
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Western Shoshone Oral Histories
Subject
The topic of the resource
Oral histories of Western Shoshone elders collected by the Great Basin Indian Archive.
Description
An account of the resource
Oral histories compiled
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Great Basin Indian Archive, in partnership with Barrick Gold of North America
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
GBIA Oral History Collections
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Great Basin Indian Archive
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
2006-2015
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
The person(s) performing the interview
Antoinette Cavanaugh
Interviewee
The person(s) being interviewed
James Hedrick
Location
The location of the interview
Great Basin College (Elko, NV)
Transcription
Any written text transcribed from a sound
Transcription in progress
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
MP4
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
00:52:53
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Antoinette Cavanaugh - Oral history (07/27/2017)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Oral history interview with Antoinette Cavanaugh, Western Shoshone from Duck Valley NV-ID, on 07/27/2017
Description
An account of the resource
<p>During the Shoshone Community Language Initiative (SCLI) program at Great Basin College, Antoinette Cavanaugh delivered a beading workshop. Antoinette covered many aspects of beading which included how to develop a pattern, what type of beadwork is difficult or easy, and even goes as far as to show ‘tricks of the trade’ when threading a needle.<br /> <br />Presented at the 2017 Shoshone Community Language Initiative summer youth program (SCLI 17).</p>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdnapi.kaltura.com/p/2096981/sp/209698100/embedIframeJs/uiconf_id/39808892/partner_id/2096981?autoembed=true&entry_id=0_xuwyzev5&playerId=kaltura_player_1502225160&cache_st=1502225160&width=560&height=395&flashvars[streamerType]=auto"></script>
<p><a href="http://www.kaltura.com/tiny/5o1o8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">View Oral History video in separate page if above player not working.</a><br /> <br />Transcription pending</p>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Great Basin Indian Archives
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Great Basin Indian Archives - GBIA 064
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Great Basin Indian Archives
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
07/27/2017 [27 July 2017]; 2017 July 27
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
James Hedrick [interviewer]; James Hedrick [GBIA/VHC]; University of Utah SYLAP [streaming video]; Great Basin College; BARRICK
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Non-commercial scholarly and educational use only. Not to be reproduced or published without express permission. All rights reserved. Great Basin Indian Archives © 2017.
Consent form on file (administrator access only): http://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/admin/items/show/403
Language
A language of the resource
English
bead work
beading
Community
Crossroads
GBIA
Shoshone
Story
traditions
workshops
-
https://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/files/original/8d2eb93328d1dfd9d888e1f2d8d77606.jpg
df14ae09ae5353c3a9ef4593f2376495
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Western Shoshone Oral Histories
Subject
The topic of the resource
Oral histories of Western Shoshone elders collected by the Great Basin Indian Archive.
Description
An account of the resource
Oral histories compiled
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Great Basin Indian Archive, in partnership with Barrick Gold of North America
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
GBIA Oral History Collections
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Great Basin Indian Archive
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
2006-2015
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
The person(s) performing the interview
James Hedrick
Interviewee
The person(s) being interviewed
Elizabeth "Liz" Dann
Location
The location of the interview
Great Basin College (Elko, NV)
Transcription
Any written text transcribed from a sound
Transcription in progress
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
MP4
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
01:40:17
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Elizabeth "Liz" Dann - Oral history (07/18/2017)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Oral history interview with Elizabeth "Liz" Dann, Western Shoshone from Crescent Valley, NV, on 07/18/2017
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Elizabeth “Liz” Dann addresses students at the Shoshone Community Language Initiative (SCLI) program at Great Basin College. She starts her presentation by offering a prayer, and then speaks about the importance of our traditions. She also speaks about giving her grandson an eagle feather, medicine bag, and other items while he was in the war. She also gives advice to the women about women, especially during ceremonies. Her daughter Sandy Dann speaks about her experience with the Sundance and what it consist of. Liz then speaks about making cradle boards, preparing hides, and tells some of the traditional Shoshone stories.<br /> <br />Presented at the 2017 Shoshone Community Language Initiative summer youth program (SCLI 17).</p>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdnapi.kaltura.com/p/2096981/sp/209698100/embedIframeJs/uiconf_id/39808892/partner_id/2096981?autoembed=true&entry_id=0_tlej0c55&playerId=kaltura_player_1501783265&cache_st=1501783265&width=560&height=395&flashvars[streamerType]=auto"></script>
<p><a title="Elizabeth Liz Dann 2017 Oral History video in separate page" href="http://www.kaltura.com/tiny/5gdrn" target="_blank" rel="noopener">View Oral History in separate page if above player not working</a><br />Transcript pending</p>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Great Basin Indian Archives
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Great Basin Indian Archives - GBIA 063
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Great Basin Indian Archives
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
07/18/2017 [18 July 2017]; 2017 July 18
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
James Hedrick [interviewer]; James Hedrick [GBIA/VHC]; University of Utah SYLAP [streaming video]; Great Basin College; BARRICK
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Non-commercial scholarly and educational use only. Not to be reproduced or published without express permission. All rights reserved. Great Basin Indian Archives © 2017.
Consent form on file (administrator access only): http://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/admin/items/show/401
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
MP4
Language
A language of the resource
English; Shoshoni
Community
Crossroads
folktale
GBIA
hunting
Shoshone
Story
sundance
traditional ceremony
traditional foods
traditions
-
https://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/files/original/df22045a7124ffa1afb9197d15e2ae88.jpg
0577bfb60082339494460527c7d69c80
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Western Shoshone Oral Histories
Subject
The topic of the resource
Oral histories of Western Shoshone elders collected by the Great Basin Indian Archive.
Description
An account of the resource
Oral histories compiled
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Great Basin Indian Archive, in partnership with Barrick Gold of North America
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
GBIA Oral History Collections
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Great Basin Indian Archive
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
2006-2015
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
The person(s) performing the interview
James Hedrick
Interviewee
The person(s) being interviewed
Boyd Graham
Location
The location of the interview
Great Basin College (Elko, NV)
Transcription
Any written text transcribed from a sound
Transcription in progress
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
MP4
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
01:27:21
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Boyd Graham - Oral history (07/13/2017)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Oral history interview with Boyd Graham, Western Shoshone from Ely, NV, on 07/13/2017
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Boyd Graham addresses students at the Shoshone Community Language Initiative (SCLI) program at Great Basin College. Boyd Graham begins his address by introducing himself to the students, and then he speaks about how there are different dialects among the Shoshone. Afterward, he begins giving a lesson on the Shoshone language which includes going over greetings, different types of animals, different writing styles, verb and consonants, and how different relatives are addressed within the Shoshonean language.<br /> <br />Presented at the 2017 Shoshone Community Language Initiative summer youth program (SCLI 17).</p>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdnapi.kaltura.com/p/2096981/sp/209698100/embedIframeJs/uiconf_id/39808892/partner_id/2096981?autoembed=true&entry_id=0_en5q15n5&playerId=kaltura_player_1501714621&cache_st=1501714621&width=560&height=395&flashvars[streamerType]=auto"></script>
<a title="Boyd Graham 2017 Oral History video in separate page" href="http://www.kaltura.com/tiny/2bkj2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">View Boyd Graham video in separate page if above player not working</a><br /> Transcript pending
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Great Basin Indian Archives
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Great Basin Indian Archives - GBIA 062
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Great Basin Indian Archives
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
07/13/2017 [13 July 2017]; 2017 July 13
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
James Hedrick [interviewer]; James Hedrick [GBIA/VHC]; University of Utah SYLAP [streaming video]; Great Basin College; BARRICK
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Non-commercial scholarly and educational use only. Not to be reproduced or published without express permission. All rights reserved. Great Basin Indian Archives © 2017.
Consent form on file (administrator access only): http://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/admin/items/show/399
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
MP4
Language
A language of the resource
English; Shoshoni
Community
Crossroads
culture
GBIA
heritage
language
Shoshone
Story