2
10
25
-
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Basque Photos
Description
An account of the resource
Collection of Basque Photos from various sources
Creator
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Scott A. Gavorsky
Still Image
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Foamboard mounted black-and-white picture
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22.3 cm X 17.1 cm
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Star Hotel, circa 1910s
Description
An account of the resource
Black and white photograph of the Star Hotel in Elko, NV, one of the first Basque boarding houses in the area, built in 1910. Caption reads "Star Hotel, Elko, Nevada--Pedro Jauregui, Propietario." Photograph from the book _La Historia_ (no further information available).
Creator
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Unknown
Source
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Personal collection of Angie de Braga
Publisher
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Virtual Humanities Center at Great Basin College
Contributor
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Scott A. Gavorsky [VHC]
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Personal collection of Angie de Braga
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.jpg; 150 dpi; 1313 px X 997 px
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1910s
Basques
boarding houses
Community
Crossroads
Elko
Story
-
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Title
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Basque Photos
Description
An account of the resource
Collection of Basque Photos from various sources
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Scott A. Gavorsky
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
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Foamboard mounted photograph
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9.5 cm x 7.1 cm
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Title
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Telescope Hotel, circa 1950s
Description
An account of the resource
Black-and-white photograph of the Telescope Hotel and Bowling Lanes in Elko, NV, one of the Basque boarding houses. The photo is from the late 1950s.
Creator
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Unknown
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Personal collection of Angie de Braga.
Publisher
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Virtual Humanities Center at Great Basin College
Date
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1950s
Contributor
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Scott A. Gavorsky [VHC]
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Angie de Braga - personal collection
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<a title="Papa Jack Errecart article" href="/omeka/exhibits/show/elkokoak/item/148" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Kimberly Errecart, "Papa Jack Errecart," <em>Northeastern Nevada Historical Society Quarterly</em><span> 83.3 (Summer 1983): 91-98.</span></a>
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jpeg; 150 dpi; 550 x 414 pixels
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English
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1950s
Basques
boarding houses
Community
Crossroads
Elko
Story
-
https://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/files/original/cb3be7c3bae97957c68f710ebe5e7699.pdf
0440f96c1b962e8fd108e5792b44dd1c
PDF Text
Text
�12
Elko's Overland Hotel, on Fourth Street, long-time Basque social center. Holbert Family
photograph.
�13
ELKO'S OVERLAND HOTEL
A family, a culture ... and a memory
by Gretchen Holbert
April 3, 1899. Domingo Sabala, a young Basque, only 19-years-old
from Guizaburuaga , Vizcaya, in the Pyrenees mountains of Spain, set
foot on the soil of a foreign land which would eventually become his. He
could barely pronounce the country's name - United States of
America. 1
He did not know, at the time, he would never again see the land of his
birth or the many loved ones he left behind - his mind was filled with
youthful dreams of his new home and a bright, new future.
Continuing his seemingly endless journey , he boarded a massive
"iron-horse" to the West-a country with still rough land and characters.
He was in the company of other young Basque immigrants, part of a vast
influx of an "old country" stripling generation who ventured forth at the
turn of the century to seek their fortunes. Initially, they came in search of
gold and silver but soon found themselves inextr icably involved in cattle
and sheep industries.2
Domingo, who Americanized his first name to Dan, found both ventures in Winnemucca, Nevada, where mining was booming and livestock
flourished. 3
September, 1904. Gregoria Ga rte is from Natcaitua, Vizcaya, made the
burdensome journey across the ocean to join her sister in Winnemucca.
She found a job, learned English and fell in love .4
October 23 , 1907. Domingo and Gregoria were married and journeyed
to Elko to make their new home. 5
In their first years in northeastern Nevada, the Sabalas were involved
in various catt le and sheep operations. They started their family, which
would become a large one.
�14
In 1908, Dan, in partnership with Eulalie Onandia, built a part of his
dream - the Overland Hotel. 6 It would become the second largest Basque hotel in Elko. 7 After a few years, Onandia left the partnership and
Dan's brother, Antonio, took his place. 8
Accommodating a steady clientele, the Overland did an admirable job
within its limited confines. It was a simple edifice of three stories located
on Fourth Street and catered almost exclusively to herders, ranchers and
travelers. 9 The first floor was filled with a cigar counter, bar, lobby, dining
room, kitchen, pantries and maintenance rooms.
Upstairs were 24 rooms-to-let, inclusive of the Sabala family quarters.
The ground floor was originally used as a handball court - a favorite
pastime of the Sabalas and their boarders. 1 0
During the prime of the hotel's operation, many sheep outfits were in
the Elko area . Many Basque boys came to the U.S. to care for these
bands. Nevada's topography and climate were much like their own homeland and the sheep industry flourished, creating a large Basque concentration in the region and promoted Basque hotels to accommodate the
herders. 11 The Basque hotel became the social and business center of
the Basque community, a tradition typified by the Overland Hotel.
Sheep herds were sold in the winter so the young herders boarded at
the hotel in the winter, waiting for spring and a new band of sheep. Some
had no money but remained with the understanding that they would
settle their bill when they went to work. Invariably they did.12
The Overland employed young women from the Pyrenees who came to
the United States sponsored by businessmen, like Sabala, and worked
out their fare. They spoke no English and often arrived in Elko tagged like
packages to insure their safe arrival. 1 3
Basque women, in the early days of the Overland, were paid $25 a
month, plus room and board. Eventually their pay was raised to $30. 1 4
Working as maids and cooks, their days were long and labor-filled . The
cook prepared three meals, washed dishes and maintained the kitchen.
The maids' chores included waiting on tables and making beds. 1 5 Many of
the girls married young Basque men they met at the hotels , so maids were
frequently replaced with new arrivals. 1 6
Linen was painstakingly washed, once a week, in the hotel bathtub
using washboards . All the stoves, used to prepare dining room meals,
burned coal and wood. The stoves also heated hot water. At first, the
Overland was steam-heated by a coal furnace; lighting was by kerosene
lamps, candles and whale oil lanterns. Chamber pots were included with
each room . 1 7
Food was preserved in an icebox, cool box and pantry. Ice was supplied
by the ice house in Carlin, brought in by the" ice-man. " 1 8 The kitchen was
a large, functional assortment of butcher blocks, utensils, sinks and
large storage bins. Milk came from the dairy in Lamoille and for many
years was delivered by wagon by a character named Mary Larson during Prohibition she often delivered liquid of a stronger sort in her milk
cans. 19 Two grocery stores supplemented items family resources did not
provide. The Sabalas had their own milk cows, lamb and beef herds, and
a vegetable garden. 20
Eventually, the "thunder mugs" were replaced with pull-chain type
water closets, the old copper washer with an electric appliance, and the
�15
Gregoria and Domingo Sabala built the Overland Hotel in 1908, operating the hostelry
until the Depression forced them into financial ruin. Holbert Family photograph.
lamps with electricity. 21
During the first few years of operation, the hotel had a running advertisement quoting rates at 25c to 50c for "new rooms." 22 Board and room
were generally one to two dollars during the late Twenties and Thirties.
Drinks at the bar sold at eight to ten for a dollar. 23
In an era of male chauvinism, women were not welcome in the barroom.
However, they were treated to lemonade, grenadine and soda, or, for the
more daring, sherry or panash (half beer and half soda). These concoctions were served to the "fairer sex" in the dining room on special
occasions. 24
Traditional holidays and special festivities were highlights of an otherwise work-oriented year. New Year's Eve was always celebrated at the
Star Hotel and Three Kings ' Feast at the Overland. The proprietors'
birthdays were gala events. Weddings and wakes were both common
celebrations. 25
On these days, everyone was invited to a sumptuous feast-the food was
free, the drinks were not. 26 Dancing was enjoyed after dinner, usually to
live accordion music . Card games and dancing contests were popular.
The Overland also catered to private parties. Dances were organized and
alternated each week at the different hotels. 2 7
In the Twenties and Thirties when there was no Catholic Church to
speak of in Elko, weddings, confirmations and baptisms were often
performed in the lobby of the hotel. Until the establishment of the Arnold
Mortuary, rosaries were said and bodies sometime lay in state there . 20
During Prohibition, Sabala maintained a speak-easy , complete with a
discreet entrance through the alley . The bar was part of a vast underground of illegal drinking places - when the "prohibes" were on their
�16
way to the raid the Overland word was relayed in time to hide the
evidence. 29
Gregoria, through necessity and because of Elka's poor hospital situation, became a practicing midwife. She would bring life into the world by,
using her own words, "rural free delivery." Many contemporary Elkoans
were born in the upper chambers of the Overland. 30
Since the sheepherders were young and foreign to the "odd" American
ways, Gregoria took them under her wing, acting as mother, counselor
and nurse, all wrapped in one compassionate package. They would often
query her at dinner as to the meaning of some English words. Sometimes
she would not know the word from her adopted language, but, always
wanting to please, would make up one to tell the credulous herders. All
around the hotel and later through the Basque community, one of these
contrivances became gospel. This word was "bufalari," which was supposed to mean to expel flatus in English - the young herders readily
accepted her invented word. 31
Church, mortuary and hospital -the Overland owners dealt with major
and minor crises. Such was the case when the nationwide influenza
epidemic hit Elko during World War I. The Overland's halls and rooms
were f illed to overflowing with fifty to sixty stricken people. Gregoria
Sabala Family (left to right) - Ray , Pete, Domingo, Frank, Mary Ann, Gregoria, Sarah,
Augustine and Ann. Holbert Family photograph.
�17
.)t.
Youngest daughter, Lenore, with Gregoria Sabala. Holbert Family photograph.
manned the task force that worked day and night to nurse them back to
health - their efforts paid off, no one was lost. 32
This was a typical gesture of the Sabala family. Dan was one of the
financial , religious and cultural leaders in the Basque community. He
was always concerned about others and was immensely proud of his
Basque heritage. 33
An anthology of Basque families in the western United States published early in the century says of him: "Domingo Sabala has established
himself in a prominent position and is directly identified with the industry
and upgrading of the community (Elko)." 34
From his arrival in America with nothing but the clothes on his back and
a dream he had become one of the most respected and successful of
Elka's large Basque population. He was self-made and had earned his
fortune with hard work. After he succeeded in sending his two oldest
sons to college, Frank to Notre Dame and Ray to Santa Clara University, it
appeared his success in the new land was insured. 35 But, by now, the
nation was in the throes of the Depression - a grim, crucial time.
When the banks closed and the stock market crashed, Domingo lost
everything, right along with most others. __matter of weeks more than
a
thirty years' work was erased from the ledger- he lost his hotel, theatre,
various properties, cattle, sheep, stock and mining claims-and became
In
�18
a mainte nance man at t he Elko County Cou rthou se to support the
family. 36 At age 57 he started all over again, working at assorted jobs ,
including bartender, railroad worker and laborer. 37
His faded dream, the Overland Hotel, was bought in 1938 by Jack
Hunter, who, in turn, leased it to Kenneth Scott. Scott renovated it,
installing a new steam heat system and new furniture. He opened for
business on March 28, 1938, renting rooms and managing the Overland
Bar in a partnership. 38
When Scott gained ownership of the Overl an d, he discovered a large
safe . It contained a col lection of locked compartments whi ch had once
se rve d as safety deposit boxes for patrons during Saba la's management.
The keys had long since been lost so the safe was "cracked," under the
supervision of two bank officials . Since that time Scott has been attempting to locate the owners of long-forgotten doc ume nts, money,
jewels and bonds. At this writing, some of the people still have not been
found. If a Sabero Govia is still alive, and reads this, he may st ill co llect
his deeds, contracts, personal letters and effects from Scott, who is st ill
holding the belong ings .39
After 20 years of operation, Scott sold t he hotel to Red Ellis, Dick
Warren and Sid Winne r in 1957.40 Today, it is an annex of the Commercial
Hotel, part of the Anacabe Building. 41
Domingo and Gregoria gave life to eight children. Two of them, Frank
and Ray, have died and are buried in Elko. Mary Ann Brown , Sarah
Oregon, Anna Tremewan , Pete Sabala, Au gustine Shope and Lenore
Holbert survive.
Domingo and Gregoria began a new life when they came to their new,
strange country and lived to see the realization, and destruction, of their
dreams. They have since died , within two years of one another, but are
still together, side by side, resting in the Elko Cemetery-within a block
of where four of their grandchildren go to school.
Domingo and Gregoria are gone, the Overland Hotel is gone, two of
their children are dead, but memories remain - those whose lives were
touched by the Sabalas remember.
FOOTNOTES:
1
Sol Silen, La Historia de Los Vascongado en el Oeste. Las Novedades, New York , 19 17. p.
319.
2
Adrien Gachiteguy, Les Basques dans L'Quest Amercain. Ezkila, Bordeaux, 1955. p. 85.
3
Lenore Holbert, interview with autho r April 23, 1974.
4
ibid.
5
Silen , La Historia .
6
Pete and Mathilde Jauregui, interview with author April 29, 1974.
7
ibid .
8
ibid.
9
ibid.
lO ibid.
11
Gachiteguy, Les Basques.
�19
Jauregui.
ibid.
14
ibid.
15
ibid.
16
ibid.
17
Holbert.
18
ibid.
19
ibid.
20
ibid .
21
ibid .
22
Elko Daily Free Press: January-June, 1909.
23
Jauregui.
24
ibid.
25
ibid.
26
ibid.
27
An na Hachquet, interview with author May 19, 1974.
28
Holbert.
29
ibid .
30
ibid .
31
ibid.
32
Ha chquet.
33
ibid.
34
Silen , La Historia.
35 Anna Tremewan, interview with author May 20, 1974.
36
ibid.
37
ibid.
37
Kenneth Scott, interview with author May 18, 1974.
39
ibid.
40
ibid.
41
Holbert.
12
13
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Elko Daily Free Press: January-June, 1909.
Gachiteguy, Adrien. Les Basques dans L'quest American. Ezkila, Bordeaux, 1955.
Anna Hachquet, a family friend in an interview with the author on May 19,
1974.
Lenore Holbert, Sabala daughter in an interview with the author on April
23, 1974.
Pete and Mathilde Jauregui, former owners of the Star Hotel , Elko, in an
interview with the author on April 29, 1974.
Kenneth Scott , former owner of the Overland Hotel and Bar, in an interview with the author on May 18, 1974.
Silen, Sol. La Historia de Los Vascongados en el Oeste. Las Novedades,
New York, 1917.
Anna Tremewan, Sabala daughter in an interview with the author on May
20, 1974.
�20
ABOUT THE AUTHOR ... GRETCHEN HOLBERT
Gretchen Holbert, reignin g Miss Elko County and pre-law student at
the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, wrote this monograph about
her grandparents for an English and Rhetoric course at Northern
Nevada Community College. She was one of several local high school
students allowed to take the class.
She was born in Cedar City, Utah, May 7, 1956, and attended
schools in Elko and several communities in Southern California. She
graduated from Elko High School in 1974. The author is the daughter
of Lenore Holbert of Elko and Dr. Robert Holbert of San Diego.
Editor's comments: Family histories are vital facets of total history
offering more personal views and emotions of personalities - those
who make history. The Sabala story relates directly to Elka's Basque
community, an important part of the social and economic structure of
the community.
Gretchen's paper was one of several read at the college and museum
sponsored symposium in 1974- an important and needed source of
Quarterly articles. English and rhetoric students and instructors at the
community college are supplied with a list of subjects from the
museum, most suggested by Northeastern Nevada's resi dent historian, Edna Pat terson. Many of the undergraduates use the
museum's growing research and newspaper files and library while
compiling and writing their papers.
The staff and board of the museum and historical society thank
Gretchen for allowing us to publish her paper.
�
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2db8774561dcdc67cdf124fa55e4590d
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Title
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Northeastern Nevada Museum Quarterly
Subject
The topic of the resource
Collection of the Northeastern Nevada Museum Quarterly journal.
Description
An account of the resource
Quarterly journal of the Northeastern Nevada Museum, located in Elko, Nevada.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Northeastern Nevada Museum
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Northeastern Nevada Museum
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1978-2015
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Scott A. Gavorsky
Rights
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Northeastern Nevada Museum
Format
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.pdf files
Language
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English
Document
Documents such as transcripts, pdf files, legal documents, letters, etc.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
"Elko's Overland Hotel: A Family, a Culture . . . and a Memory"
Description
An account of the resource
<p>A history of the Overland Hotel in Elko, Nevada, USA, under original owners Domingo (Dan) and Gregoria Sabala from 1908 until 1938. The second largest of the Basque-owned hotels in town, the Overland served as a hostel for new Basque immigrants and one of the centers of the Elko Basque community.</p>
<p><a title="Elko's Overland Hotel article" href="/omeka/files/original/cb3be7c3bae97957c68f710ebe5e7699.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">View "Elko's Overland Hotel" as pdf</a></p>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Gretchen Holbert [Skivington]
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<em>Northeastern Nevada Historical Society Quarterly</em> 5.3 (Winter 1975): 13-20.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Northeastern Nevada Museum
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Winter 1975
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Scott A. Gavorsky [VHC]
Rights
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VHC Deposit Agreement on file:
http://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/items/show/185
[administrator access only]
Format
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pdf; 10 pages
Language
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English
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1907-1957
Basques
Community
Crossroads
Elko
GBC50
NNM
Story
Student
-
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9d40782a250acf0d63c86e23cfe80828
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43769386829386e6ec1fbc6b2b2d8cf8
PDF Text
Text
NORTHEASTERN NEVADA HISTORICAL SOCIETY
l
.-t
-~-'
'
�104
,
~
0
Tomasa Argoitia and Balbino Achabal in front of Elko General Merchandise Company, 416
Idaho Street, Elko in the 1950's. The store has remained at the same address for fifty years.
�105
4N4C4BE'S STORE
THE FIRST FIFTY YEARS
BY CAROL HENDERSHOT
May 15, 1987 will mark the 50th anniversary of Elko General Merchandise,
Anacabe's Store, at its Idaho Street location in Elko.1
Why did this store survive when so many others didn't. Owner Joe Anacabe said
it was his belief in three things: honesty, quality merchandise and a friendly
atmosphere.
Joe was born February 12, 1889 at Berriatua, Vizcaya, Spain in the Anacabe
farmhouse . The house stands on land that has belonged to the Anacabes for 2,000
years. The structure itself has burned and been rebuilt at least three times in the last
600 years. It is presently owned by another Joe Anacabe. On a clear day, it is possible
to see the coast of France from the house. The home overlooks the Bay of Biscay. 2
Joe was the sixth child in a family of nine children. He came to New York in 1901
with a neighbor boy named Jaca. Immigrating to the United States was considered a
great opportunity and Joe's family somehow got together the $350 fare for him to
make the trip. He came by ship to New York and then rode the train to Winnemucca,
Nevada. He spoke no English and was only eleven years old. 3
Contrary to popular belief, Basques were not shepherds in the Old Country. Some
of them had never seen a sheep until they came to America. They were, however,
good strong farm boys who was accustomed to hard work. They became excellent
herders in their new country.4
Joe was met in Winnemucca by a cousin with whom he had a contract to herd
sheep. He fulfilled his three-year contract and then went on to other pursuits. He
worked as a buckaroo on the Spanish Ranch, drove the Winnemucca-Boise Stage for
a time and then went into ranching on his own. 5
While ranching near Paradise, Nevada he met Fabiana Guenaga who came from
Ondarroa, Viscaya, Spain, only a few miles from where Joe was born. They had
never met until both were in Paradise.
Joe and Fabiana were married November 9, 1912 in Nampa, Idaho. Their only
child, Frank, was born in 1914 in the Martin Hotel at Winnemucca.6
From about 1917 through 1924, Joe and Fabiana had a ranch in the McDermitt
area. There is still a field there known as the Anacabe Field where he grazed his
stock. 7 Ranching, however, was not to be Joe's forte.
In 1924, Joe sold his cattle to Jack Swisher of Elko, telling him he never intended to
be broke again. He opened his first store in McDermitt with the money from the
cattle sale .8 When he closed the store in 1929, he stated that he had a key to every
building in McDermitt - he owned them all!9
He went to Spain with his wife and son, wanting Frank to go to school in the Old
Country. They stayed two years, then moved to Berkeley, California. After
graduation from the University of California, Frank studied aeronautical
engineering. Joe and Fabian opened a store in Berkeley and stayed for six years. 10
Joe's move to Elko was announced on page one of the Elko Independent on March
26, 1937:
"Joe Anacabe, former resident of McDermitt and Paradise says he will open a
general merchandise business on Idaho Street in the store formerly occupied by H.C.
Stevens Company. His wife and son will come to Elko from Berkeley, California, in
the near future. "
�106
In 1936, Joe, Fabiana and Frank Anacabe.
The building Joe selected for his store had, in the past, several tenants in it
including Warren Ford and the GaietyTheatre.11 Anna Tremewan of Mountain City
remembers playing in the downstairs part of the building when it still had clowns
painted on the walls from its theatre days. As an adult, she worked for H.C. Stevens
in the same building from 1931 to 1936.12
The grand opening of Joe's store was announced in a one-quarter page
advertisement in the Elko Independent, May 14, 1937:
"HAVE YOU HEARD THE NEWS? It's Open House tomorrow, Saturday, May
15 at the General Merchandise Store. Complete Line of goods. Quality at a savings."
The interior of the store was plain and practical. There was a wooden floor and
most of the merchandise was easily accessible. Two silver mirrors, that are still in
used, were in the back of the store. The had been brought from the Berkeley store. A
sliding ladder was, and still is, used to reach the floor to ceiling stacks of goods.
Joe's early advertisements stated, "The finest Cowboy garments money can buy,
at prices you can afford to pay." He also had silk and gabardine cowboy shirts from
95 cents to $7.50. He sold "ten-gallon" hats and neckerchiefs and, for $1.75, a
customer could buy Levi Strauss overalls. 13 The first Levi 501's, so popular now,
probably were sold in Joe's store.
Joe and Fabiana worked together in the store. Fabian also did alterations for
customers. 14 Frank came to Elko in 1950 following a top security clearance career
during World War II with Lockheed Aircraft, owned by Howard Hughes. He joined
his parents in running the store.
Then, on April 16, 1952, Fabiana died following a stroke. She was 59. 15
Joe decided to return to Spain for awhile. He left his sister, Tomasa Argoitia, and
Frank in charge of the store. 16
While in Spain, Joe met Margaret Olabe and they were married there on April 7,
1953. She wore a black wedding dress, very much in style at the time.17
�107
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Joe Anacabe and Margaret Olabe Anacabe on their wedding day, April 7, 1953.
�108
They returned to Elko in the fall of that year. Their only child, Anita Therese,
called Ann by friends and family, was born October 26, 1954. 18
Buying merchandise for a general store was always interesting. Up until the
1940's, the store stocked just about everything, including groceries. Salesmen
couldn't always make it into Elko. They would send suitcases full of material
swatches and Joe ordered yard goods and clothing from the samples by mail. During
World War II, soap was hard to get. A salesman came into town with a truckload of
soap and asked Joe how much he wanted. Joe took it all. 19
Joe had progressive ideas about what people wanted and needed. While in
McDermitt, he contracted with Indian leather workers to make gauntlet-type
gloves. At the time these were not generally known. They had a long cuff to cover
the cowboys' wrists and lower arms, protecting them much as chaps protect legs.
They were an instant success.20
Anita Anacabe Franzoia said, "My father always believed women should wear
pants when they rode. This store carried the first women's riding pants available in
Elko." 21
Trainloads of men came in and needed to be outfitted before going out on the
ranches. The Anacabes lived above the store and Joe opened for them, no matter
what time they arrived. Buckaroos came in from the range and stopped at Anacabe's
first to get outfitted from the skin out. They took their new duds over to Julio
Arostegui'_s barbershop and bath house. 22
Julio charged them one dollar for a shave and haircut and another fifty cents for a
shower; towels were free. The men spruced up and left their old clothes in a pile on
the shower room floor. Donning their new outfits, they went out on the town. 23
During the Depression, they came into town, put everything on their bill and even
borrowed a little cash against the bill so they'd have money to spend. The store
ELKO GENERAL MERCHANDISE CO.
JOE ANACABE, Pres.
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�109
Tomasa Argoitia, left, and Agnes Rockwell.
owners knew they'd pay up as soon as they could. 2•
Joe could size up a person and fit them without measuring. If the pants were a little
long, he 'd say, "You roll them up a little . They'll shrink a little when you wash them.
Looks okay."
With only a third or fourth grade education, he invented his own division system.
No one could beat him for speed and accuracy. 25
Statements were usually mailed out once a year to the big outfits and once a
month to cowboys and herders. Jess Goicoechea of Elko remembers that it didn't do
any good to ask about your bill. Joe got around to it when he could.
"I'd forget I had a bill there, it would be so long. Then it would come.
Handwritten. I never questioned any of the bills. I just knew he was honest and they
were right," Goicoechea explained.
"I took my new boys there because Joe knew what they needed, even if they
didn't," Goicoechea continued. "They could have whatever they wanted and he'd
bill them a month or so later. He knew they came to this country without any
money. He always gave tokens of appreciation, like a pocketknife or a pair of gloves
when they paid their bills. A couple of times, when I paid my bill, he gave me a
heavy winter coat."26
Elkoan Agnes Rockwell worked for Joe from October, 1952 until October, 1956.
"Joe Anacabe was the most honest person I ever met and the nicest person I ever
worked for. He liked it if his employees showed an interest in the business and I
liked to help him order. We'd vie for shirt sales. He ordered what he liked and I
ordered what I liked and we'd see which shirts sold first. He carried basic things -
�110
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Left to right, Blackie Arano, Marie Merkley, Joe Anacabe and Agnes Rockwell in 1953.
bedrolls, shoes, good sturdy clothing, but he liked fancy wool shirts," Mrs. Rockwell
said.
"Joe was thrifty, hard working and as honest as the day is long. He told me when I
left, if I wasn't happy with my new job I could come back anytime," she recalled. 27
Joe loved to talk about coming to America and the things he'd seen and done. He
was interested in everything. He was very health conscious and, for many years, ate
brown rice for breakfast, a steak for lunch, and more brown rice for dinner. No fast
foods were tolerated.
He kept a great deal of reading material in the store. One of his favorite magazines
was an issue of Life magazine that showed diagrams of the human body and how it
functioned . Joe showed this to his friends and customers, explaining it at length and
giving suggestions on how to stay health. Everyone always listened politely, even if
they'd already heard about the subject before from Joe. 28
Joe made a visit to the store fun . It had a friendly atmosphere and was a home
away from home for many homesick Basque boys who came to Elko. There was
always someone with whom to talk and the men sat around a big shortwave radio
and listened to Cuban radio stations which most of them could understand. 29
Pete Amestoy remembers a potbellied stove with a railing around it.
"The heat came to the railing and you could go in and sit with your feet on the
railing and talk, talk, talk. Whole families came in to shop or just visit. Children and
old-timers, too," Amestoy reminisced. 30
One oldster in his 90's, Charlie McNab, came in often, bringing ice cream for
Agnes Rockwell and co-worker Marie Merkley. Casimiro "Blackie" Arano, who
was Dr. Shaw's chauffeur, was another frequent visitor. Blackie also worked at the
Blue Jay Bar and for Pete Amestoy.31
Talk was important because many of Anacabe 's customers didn't speak English
and they needed a gathering place where they might meet someone who spoke the
same language they did. Finding another person who spoke your language wasn't
always easy. There are at least 26 difference Basque dialects.
�111
In 1953, left to right, Marie Merkley, Charlie McNab and Agnes Rockwell.
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Surrounded by merchandise, Margaret Anacabe in the 1960's.
�112
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Anita Anacabe and Whitey in 1961.
�113
In Anacabe's store in 1986, left to right, Margaret Anacabe, Anna Hachquet and Dominica
Arostegui.
For instance, Pete Amestoy is French Basque. He spoke French and French Basque
when he came to America. He worked for time in New Mexico and learned some
Spanish. But, when he came to Elko, he did not speak Spanish Basque or English. He
went to Anacabe's to visit because he knew, sooner or later, somebody would come
in to whom he could talk.
He went there to shop because, "He had the best clothes for the working man,
country stuff, can't get it anywhere else. Western blankets, jeans, jackets."
"Besides," he grinned, "Us Basques stick together!"
Soon after he arrived in Elko, Amestoy bought a blanket and a gray metal cash box
with a lock, from Anacabe's. Thirty-five years later he used the blanket to cover
potatoes in his garden and the cash box is now a tackle box he keeps in his truck to
hold fishing gear. 32
Jess Goicoechea remembers that his "boys" liked to go into Anacabe's for the
atmosphere. Many of them had younger brothers and sisters in the Old Country.
"They got such a kick out of Anita," he said. "She was so little and she spoke such
good Basque. She was just a little thing, wandering around the store with her white
dog. Everyone like to see her and talk to her." 33
After spending many years in the family business, Frank Anacabe died on
September 19, 1976. 34
Joe had died September 30, 1971 at age 82, but his basic beliefs are still evident in
the store today. 35
"We don't have sales," Anita says . "Working cowboys and herders can't make
special trips to town for sales. They just know if they come here, the prices will be
fair. We try to give a good fit and top quality without unreasonable mark-ups and
mark-downs."
�114
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Three generations, left to
Anacabe.
Anita Anacabe Franzoia, Teresa Franzoia and Margaret
"We still get the working cowboy," she continued. "We get very few of the
drugstore type. Some people come in looking for lizard boots and things like that,
but we just don't carry them. We carry oil-tanned leathers, working clothes." 36
Jeff McCormick, T Lazy S buckaroo, is one of many contemporary working
cowboys who shops at Anacabe's.
"I needed a lightweight, warm jacket, reasonably priced. They carry Carhartt bush
jackets which are good quality. I find what I need here," he said. 37
To the old-timers of Elko it must seem like deja vu to go into Anacabe's. Talk, talk
and more talk still goes on. Margaret and her friends gather often to visit.
Once again there is a little girl wandering around, this time with a black dog. She
speaks good Basque and charms everyone. Her name is Teresa Franzoia, born
September 28, 1985 to Anita and her husband, Mike. 38
She and her mother and grandmother are doing business as usual at Elko General
Merchandise, Anacabe's Store, just as her grandfather would have expected the to honestly, selling quality merchandise in a friendly atmosphere.
FOOTNOTES:
1
Elko Independent: May 14, 1937, p.10
• Interview, Anita Franzoia and Margaret Anacabe, February 26, 1986
• Ibid.
• Interview, Jess Goicoechea, May 30, 1986
5
Franzoia and Anacabe, May 26, 1986
• Ibid.
• Ibid.
• Telephone interview, Roberta Munger, May 22, 1986
' Interview, Agnes Rockwell, May 29, 1986
1
° Franzoia and Anacabe, May 26, 1986
II
Elko Independent: December 3, 1937, p.3; telephone interview, Milo Taber, August 21, 1986
12
Interview, Anna Tremewan, May 23, 1986
13
Elko Independent: August 13, 1937, p.3
�115
-- I
Elko General Merchandise, Anacabe's Store, today.
�116
,. Interview, Pete Amestoy, May 22, 1986
Elko Independent: April 17, 1952, p.l
16
Rockwell
17
Franzoia and Anacabe, May 26, 1986
t i Ib,d.
19
Ibid.
20
Ibid.
" Ibid.
22
Ibid.
23
Interview, Julio Arostegue, May 20, 1986
,.. Goicoechea
25
Franzoia and Anacabe, Februry 26, 1986
26
Goicoechea
27
Rockwell
" Franzoia and Anacabe, February 26, 1986
29
Ibid.
30
Amestoy
31
Rockwell
32
Amestoy
33
Goicoechea
" Franzoia and Anacabe, February 26, 1986
" Ibid.
36
Ibid.
37
Interview, Jeff McCormick, February 26, 1986
.. Franzoia and Anacabe
15
SOURCES:
NEWSPAPERS
Elko Independent: selected issues
INTERVIEWS
Anacabe, Margaret and Franzoia, Anita; February 26, 1986, Elko residents
Anacabe, Margaret and Franzoia, Anita; May 26, 1986
Amestoy, Pete; May 22, 1986, Elko resident
Arostegui, Julio; May 20, 1986, Elko resident
Goicoechea, Jess; May 30, 1986, Elko resident
McCormick, Jeff; February 26, 1986, Battle Mountain resident
Munger, Roberta; telephone, May 22, 1986, Elko resident
Rockwell, Agnes; May 29, 1986, Elko resident
Taber, Milo; telephone, August 21, 1986, Elko resident
Tremewan, Anna; May 23, 1986, Mountain City resident
�117
Carol Hendershot
Carol Hendershot was born in Joliet, Illinois and raised in Denver, Colorado. She and her husband,
Jerry, moved to Carson City in 1971 and then to Elko in 1972. He is a land law examiner with the Bureau
of Land Management. She is a part-time telephone operator at CP National Telephone Company. The
couple has three children, a daughter, Marie, and two sons, Jerry and Kerry.
This is her third article published in the Northeastern Nevada Historical Society Quarterly. Her first, Bing
Crosby and Elko, A Mutual Admiration Society, was printed in the Summer 1984 issue. Hendershot's second
monograph, Dinner Station, was published in the Summer 1985 edition. She has also written several
newspaper articles.
Back issues of the Northeastern Nevada Historical Society Quarterly
always needed as donations.
�
Dublin Core
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Title
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Northeastern Nevada Museum Quarterly
Subject
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Collection of the Northeastern Nevada Museum Quarterly journal.
Description
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Quarterly journal of the Northeastern Nevada Museum, located in Elko, Nevada.
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Northeastern Nevada Museum
Publisher
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Northeastern Nevada Museum
Date
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1978-2015
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Scott A. Gavorsky
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Northeastern Nevada Museum
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.pdf files
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English
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Title
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"Anacabe's Store: The First Fifty Years"
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Elko General Merchandise Company, known locally as Anacabe's Store, has been an Elko institution for almost 80 years. Operating out of the same location on Idaho Street, the store is a testament both to the Anacabe family and the Basque traditions of multi-generational community.</p>
<p><a title="Anacabe's Store article pdf" href="/omeka/files/original/6decf42d58226cd9e5b799b7786113f0.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read "Anacabe's Store: The First Fifty Years" as pdf</a></p>
Creator
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Carol Hendershot
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<em>Northeastern Nevada Historical Society Quarterly</em> 86.4 (Fall 1986): 104-117.
Publisher
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Northeastern Nevada Museum
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Fall 1986
Contributor
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Gretchen Skivington [GBC]; Scott A. Gavorsky [VHC]
Rights
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VHC Deposit Agreement on file:
http://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/items/show/185
[administrator access only]
Format
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pdf; 15 pages
Language
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English
Basques
Community
Crossroads
Elko
NNM
Story
-
https://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/files/original/a6bd59bf0b2b391431fb1420db820571.jpg
772e30342394b447603a8a99aeb07b80
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Title
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Virtual Humanities Center at Great Basin College - Records
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Repository of meeting minutes, memorandums-of-understanding (MOUs), and other organizational documents generated by the Virtual Humanities Center at Great Basin College in relation to managing the NEH Challenge Grant and related projects.</p>
<p>Access to specific materials may be limited by administrators for legal or human resources purposes.</p>
<p>Note: Archive deposit agreements are stored in the collections of the deposited materials, and administrator access is required.</p>
Creator
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Scott A. Gavorsky
Publisher
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Virtual Humanities Center at Great Basin College
Date
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10 May 2016
Rights
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All rights reserved. Use of any content only by express permission of Great Basin College © 2016
Language
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English
Type
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Mostly pdf
Oral History
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Interviewer
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Dr. Gretchen Skivington
Interviewee
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Bryce Kimber
Location
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Elko, NV, USA
Transcription
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Transcription pending
Original Format
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DVD
Duration
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1:55:11 [sound problems at 40:00 - 55:00]
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Bryce Kimber: Oral History Interview
Subject
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Oral history interview with Elko Basque resident Bryce Kimber, conducted on 15 October 2015 by Dr. Gretchen Skivington.
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Bryce Kimber of Montello, NV ("Mr. Montello") is the son of Grouse Creek, UT homesteaders, W. C. "Bill" and Bertha Kimber. Born on the Kimber Ranch in 1929 he moved with his family to Montello, NV to attend school in 1939. He has lived in Montello all his life 1929 to present and was a most integral part of its history since he returned from service in Korea in 1948.</p>
<p>Topics he discusses include: the Montello Bar, & Montello Store (both which he owned), Pacific West States & Spring Creek subdivision projects (for which he contracted the road construction); the Gamble & Winecup Ranches (hay, fencing & livestock contractor); the SP Railroad and Montello history, UC Construction, the Montello Citizens' Committee and "buying" the town from SP; the Montello School (which burned down, rebuilt), people from Montello and the W.C. Kimber Diaries (1907-1972).</p>
<p>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdnapi.kaltura.com/p/2096981/sp/209698100/embedIframeJs/uiconf_id/39808892/partner_id/2096981?autoembed=true&entry_id=0_2lju6xmg&playerId=kaltura_player_1517436470&cache_st=1517436470&width=560&height=395&flashvars[streamerType]=auto"></script>
</p>
<p><a title="Oral History Interview with Bryce Kimber" href="http://www.kaltura.com/tiny/3nqxb" target="_blank;">Click here for direct access to video (if embed above is not functioning).</a></p>
<p>Interview conducted on 15 October 2015 by Dr. Gretchen Skivington.</p>
Creator
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Gretchen Skivington
Source
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Original Oral History Interview
Publisher
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Virtual Humanities Center at Great Basin College
Date
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15 October 2015
Contributor
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Scott A. Gavorsky [VHC]
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Memorial Bizia Oral History Consent Form on File:
http://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/items/show/XXX [administrator access only]
Relation
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<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Howard Hickson's Histories</span></p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Wilkins, Nevada" href="http://www.gbcnv.edu/hickson/Wilkins.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Wilkins, Nevada"</a></li>
<li><a title="Wagon Train Rest Stop" href="http://www.gbcnv.edu/hickson/HumboldtWells.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Wagon Train Rest Stop" </a></li>
<li><a title="Tobar, Nevada" href="http://www.gbcnv.edu/hickson/Tobar.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Tobar, Nevada"</a> </li>
<li><a title="Pocket Change Robbery" href="http://www.gbcnv.edu/hickson/AaronRoss.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Pocket Change Robbery"</a> </li>
<li><a title="Robbed Twice the Same Day" href="http://www.gbcnv.edu/hickson/CPRR.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Robbed Twice Same Day"</a> </li>
</ul>
Format
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streaming video [.mp4 file]
Language
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English; little Basque
Coverage
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<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Key words:</strong> </span>Grouse Creek, Charles & William Kimber, Kimber Ranch, Grouse Creek LDS Church, sheep & hog raising, Kay/Merrill/Bryce Kimber, Montello Bar, Gamble & Winecup Ranches, Pacific West States Subdivision: road contracting, hay & fencing contracts, Slim Olsen's & Standard Oil bulk plants, Spring Creek road contracts, Montello Store, Southern Pacific Railroad leases, town of Montello, Montello Citizens' Committee, water rights, Montello School, W.C. "Bill" Kimber Diaries</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Names of People mentioned in/fom Montello:</strong> </span>William & Bertha Kimber, Barbara/Kay/Jack/Bryce/Merrill Kimber: Pete Ludwig, Norma Johnson, John Grandeen, Lucy Daz, Wallace Bettridge, Bill Hargrove, Pearsons, Allan Wilson, Bill Brooks, MW Johnson, Milo Craig, Ray Browning, Tolefson, Delaplian, Lee, John Ala, Mcfarlane & Holling, Gil Hernandez, Jim Thomas, Bill Addington, Jimmy Steward, Russell Wilkins, Joyce Palmer, Mary Jo Johns</p>
Community
Crossroads
Elko
Faculty
Story
veteran
-
https://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/files/original/03527e2ece11ed94cc8b72be07b611d2.pdf
2391b025aa383619b1719214a3cc7035
PDF Text
Text
�“Now saddle up with the things that I’ve told you,
Leave man’s little world far behind.
Find sanctuary out on the cow range.
Let the wind do its thing on your mind.
The Cowboy Poetry of Waddie Mitchell
���������
https://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/files/original/102269b5fed97fceac168787252ddbe0.jpg
a844fb846ed2516dafbbc7b8fcd484bf
Dublin Core
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Design for the Human Spirit (Theme 2015-2017)
Subject
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Materials related to the VHC Theme for 2015-2017--Design for the Human Spirit.
Description
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What is design, and how does it impact humans? Over the next two years, the Virtual Humanities Center will explore the role of design at GBC, the communities it serves, and the larger world.
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GBC Virtual Humanities Center
Publisher
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GBC Virtual Humanities Center
Date
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August 2015 - July 2017
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Scott A. Gavorsky [VHC]
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Great Basin College © 2015. All rights reserved.
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Title
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"A Passage through Time": Original Artwork for Elko Street-scape Project
Description
An account of the resource
The original concept art for "A Passage through Time," the Elko Street-scape public art project undertaken by the Nevada Department of Transportation in Elko in the spring and summer of 2015. The artwork was produced by John L'Etoile, Senior Landscape Architect of Nevada DOT
Creator
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John L'Etoile
Publisher
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Virtual Humanities Center at Great Basin College
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2015
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Scott A. Gavorsky [VHC]
Relation
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<a title="Video Interview with John L'Etoile" href="/omeka/items/show/115" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Elko Street-scaping Project: Interview with Nevada DOT Architect John L'Etoile" - http://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/items/show/115</a>
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.pdf file
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Vidual only
Community
Crossroads
Design
Design 2015-2017
Elko
NDOT
-
https://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/files/original/98463459ba4d538dda4581cdca9e561e.jpg
b1f0cea7ebffdd851cecc7dfc32c324c
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Jay and Frankie Bilbao
Subject
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Frances "Frankie" Bilbao and her son Jay Bilbao during an oral history interview with Dr. Gretchen Skivington on 25 September 2015.
Description
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Frances "Frankie" Bilbao (right) and her son Jay Bilbao (left) during an oral history interview with Dr. Gretchen Skivington on 25 September 2015.
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Scott A. Gavorsky
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http://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/items/show/131
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Great Basin College Virtual Humanities Center
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25 September 2015
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.jpeg; 200 px x 200 px; 96 dpi
https://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/files/original/5a25d211777c5787233aa940a9c6ef9f.pdf
d1afcee0e4c29d44ad5aceba3181ed2e
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Oral History Interview Summary - Jay and Frankie Bilbao (25 September 2015)
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Summary sheet from interview with Jay and Frankie Bilbao, interviewed by Dr. Gretchen Skivington on 25 September 2015.
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<p>Summary sheet from interview with Jay and Frankie Bilbao, interviewed by Dr. Gretchen Skivington on 25 September 2015.</p>
<p>The summary includes the details of the interview, a summary of the topics discussed, related keywords, and people mentioned in the interview.</p>
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Gretchen Skivington
Source
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Frankie and Jay Bilbao Oral History Interview<br />[<a title="Frankie and Jay Bilbao Oral History" href="/omeka/items/show/131" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/items/show/131</a>]
Publisher
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GBC Virtual Humanities Center.
Date
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25 September 2015
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All rights reserved. Use of any content only by express permission of Great Basin College © 2015-2016
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.pdf file; 1 page
Language
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English
PDF Text
Text
INTERVIEWEE: Jay & Frankie Bilbao Interviewer: Gretchen Skivington Location: Elko, NV Date of interview: 09.25.15 Audio & Video: 1 Length: 1 :08 Language: English (very little Basque) Summary and index: Gretchen Skivington 1. SUMMARY Tom Bilbao, son of Basque immigrants Vicente & Paula Bilbao was born at Jack Creek, NV in 1925. His wife Frances "Frankie" Vicondoa Bilbao and son Jay Bilbao talk about prospecting & mining in northern Elko County and their "Aita", father Tom who was one of the discoverers of different veins along the famous Carlin Trend. Frankie Bilbao talks about her parents Fermin & Madilyn Vicondoa Basque immigrants to Susanville, CA and her move in 1947 to Elko, NV and subsequent marriage to Tom Bilbao. She discusses what it meant to be Basque-American and to be raised in an "Old Country" household. Jay Bilbao, Tom's son discusses how and where his Dad staked claims and mined independently, his interactions with the big mining companies, contracts and working for and with his Dad. Both interviewees speak of Old Country & New World values and what kind of man Tom Bilbao was and how his legacy lives on. II. Key words: : Basques, Basque sheepherding, Jack Creek/Gold Creek/Tuscarora/Mountain City/Elko, Jerritt Canyon, mining in the north country, Carlin Trend, early prospecting 1940s2000, mining companies, process of claim staking/mine maintenance, trapping, Old Country vs. New World Values, Stockmen's Hotel, Elko, Basque culture in Elko III: Names of People mentioned in/from Jack Creek/Gold Creek/Tuscarora/Elko, NV: Vicente & Paula Bilbao, Tom & David Bilbao Dan Bilbao, Jay & Mike Bilbao; Filbert Echevarria, Willis Packer, Walt Whittaker, Lew Eklund.
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Title
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Memoria Bizia: The Basque Diaspora Living Heritage Project
Subject
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The Elko and Northeastern Nevada contribution to the international Basque Diaspora Living Heritage Project.
Description
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<p>Memoria Bizia is a long-term international project to collect the oral histories of the Basque history of emigration and exile, focusing on both the emigrants and their descendants in the United States and Canada.</p>
<p>Download Memoria Bizia Information Sheet [pdf file]</p>
<p>Memoria Bizia is a project directed by Dr. Pedro J. Oiarzabal and funded by the North American Basque Organizations, the Basque Government, the Etxepare Basque Institute, and the University of Deustro. In collaboration with the Center for Basque Studies at the University of Nevada, Reno, and the University of Nevada, Reno Libraries.</p>
Creator
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Gretchen Skivington [GBC]; Anita Franzoia [Elko Basque Community]
Source
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Memoria Bizia: The Basque Diaspora Living Heritage Project
Publisher
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GBC Virtual Humanities Center
Date
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2014-2016
Contributor
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Scott A. Gavorsky [VHC]
Format
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Oral Histories and Associated Documents
Language
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English; Basque
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
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Dr. Gretchen Skivington
Interviewee
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Frankie Bilbao; Jay Bilbao
Location
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Bilbao residence, Elko, NV
Transcription
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Transcription pending
Original Format
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DVD
Duration
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1:11:22
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Title
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Frankie and Jay Bilbao: Oral History Interview
Subject
The topic of the resource
Oral history interview with Elko Basque residents Frankie and Jay Bilbao, conducted 25 September 2015 by Dr. Gretchen Skivington.
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Tom Bilbao, son of Basque immigrants Vicente & Paula Bilbao was born at Jack Creek, NV in 1925. His wife Frances "Frankie" Vicondoa Bilbao and son Jay Bilbao talk about prospecting & mining in northern Elko County and their "Aita", father Tom who was one of the discoverers of different veins along the famous Carlin Trend. Frankie Bilbao talks about her parents Fermin & Madilyn Vicondoa Basque immigrants to Susanville, CA and her move in 1947 to Elko, NV and subsequent marriage to Tom Bilbao. She discusses what it meant to be Basque-American and to be raised in an "Old Country" household.<br />Jay Bilbao, Tom's son discusses how and where his Dad staked claims and mined independently, his interactions with the big mining companies, contracts and working for and with his Dad. Both interviewees speak of Old Country & New World values and what kind of man Tom Bilbao was and how his legacy lives on.</p>
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<p><a title="Discussions for Critical Thinking Video" href="http://kaltura.tmcc.edu/index.php/kmc/preview/partner_id/109/uiconf_id/11170182/entry_id/0_qmuris4b/delivery/http" target="_blank;">Click here for direct access to video (if embed above is not functioning).</a></p>
<p>Interview conducted on 25 September 2015 by Dr. Gretchen Skivington.</p>
Creator
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Gretchen Skivington
Publisher
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Virtual Humanities Center at Great Basin College
Date
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25 September 2015
Contributor
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Scott A. Gavorsky [VHC]
Rights
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Memorial Bizia Oral History Consent Form on File:
http://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/items/show/XXX [administrator access only]
Relation
A related resource
<p style="font-size: 14px;">Howard Hickson's Histories - articles</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Rio Tinto Stock story" href="http://www.gbcnv.edu/hickson/RioTinto.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Rio Tinto Stock: Some People Papered Their Bathroom Walls With Them (1920-1847)</a></li>
<li><a title="How a Gold Rush Begins story" href="http://www.gbcnv.edu/hickson/JarbidgeRush.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">How a Gold Rush Begins: Jarbidge, Nevada - 1909</a></li>
</ul>
Format
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streaming video [.mp4 file]
Language
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English; little Basque
Coverage
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Basques, Basque sheepherding, Jack Creek/Gold Creek/Tuscarora/Mountain City/Elko, Jerritt Canyon, mining in the north country, Carlin Trend, early prospecting 1940s- 2000, mining companies, process of claim staking/mine maintenance, trapping, Old Country vs. New World Values, Stockmen's Hotel, Elko, Basque culture in Elko
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Original Oral History Interview
Basques
Community
Crossroads
Elko
Faculty
Memoria Bizia
Story
-
https://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/files/original/d12382fbd2fb9dfff38fde1375604d35.jpg
8efa44bed324442932072e6328804850
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Title
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Design for the Human Spirit (Theme 2015-2017)
Subject
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Materials related to the VHC Theme for 2015-2017--Design for the Human Spirit.
Description
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What is design, and how does it impact humans? Over the next two years, the Virtual Humanities Center will explore the role of design at GBC, the communities it serves, and the larger world.
Creator
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GBC Virtual Humanities Center
Publisher
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GBC Virtual Humanities Center
Date
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August 2015 - July 2017
Contributor
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Scott A. Gavorsky [VHC]
Rights
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Great Basin College © 2015. All rights reserved.
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URL
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFxgxvF45Kw&feature=youtu.be
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Title
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Elko Street-scaping Project: Interview with Nevada DOT Architect John L'Etoile
Subject
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Interview with John L'Etoile, Nevada DOT Senior Landscape Architect on the Elko Street-scaping project.
Description
An account of the resource
Angie de Braga (GBC VHC) interviews John L'Etoile, Senior Landscape Architect for the Nevada Department of Transportation (Nevada DOT), about the design of the Elko Street-scaping project, using the theme "A Passage through Time."<br /> <br /> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/TFxgxvF45Kw" frameborder="0"></iframe>
Creator
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Angie de Braga
Source
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFxgxvF45Kw&feature=youtu.be
Publisher
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Nevada Department of Education
Date
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July 2015
Contributor
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Angie de Braga [interviewer]; John L'Etoile [interviewee]; Nevada DOT [editing]
Language
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English
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Rights pending
Format
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YouTube video link
Community
Crossroads
Design
Design 2015-2017
Elko
NDOT
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Howard Hickson Histories
Subject
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Stories of northeastern Nevada history authored by Howard Hickson.
Description
An account of the resource
Howard Hickson's Histories are true stories about Northeastern Nevada's colorful past, written with wry humor and keen insight into the sometimes comic, sometimes tragic, sometimes downright eerie lives of cowboys, miners, and gamblers, villains and saints and men and women of both extremes, who've inhabited or passed through the region. The collection is a cultural treasure that Great Basin College is privileged to make available to the world via the Internet. New stories are added as Howard sees fit.
Creator
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Howard Hickson
Source
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Web site of Howard Hickson's Histories. http://www.gbcnv.edu/hickson/index.html
Publisher
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Great Basin College
Date
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07/08/2014
Contributor
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Great Basin College
Rights
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c.2014 Howard Hickson
Relation
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Web site of Howard Hickson's Histories. http://www.gbcnv.edu/hickson/index.html
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Content can be PDF or HTML documents.
Language
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English
Type
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Stories of northeastern Nevada history authored by Howard Hickson.
Coverage
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Elko, Nevada, northeastern Nevada, history, articles, Great Basin
Website
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Local URL
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<center>
<table width="450" cellpadding="10" border="" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
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<td align="left"><center><span style="font-size: medium;">H</span><span style="font-size: small;">OWARD</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> H</span><span style="font-size: small;">ICKSON'S</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> H</span><span style="font-size: small;">ISTORIES</span> </center><hr width="100%" /><center>
<p><span style="color: #000066;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Hardly a High School</span></span> <br /><em>University of Nevada, Elko (1874-1885)</em></p>
</center>
<p> Elko High School's "Old Gymnasium" was recently remodeled. It stands on the site of the first University of Nevada. Here's the story: <br /> There was a bustling brashness about young Elko in 1872. It was a railroad town, supply center for area ranches, and freight depot for the mining camps scattered in the hills of northeast Nevada. The community of about one thousand people had come a long way in three short years when Central Pacific Railroad crews laid track across the sagebrush flats next to the Humboldt River. <br /> Miners, wranglers, sheepherders, and railroad men rubbed elbows in the town's 45 saloons. Ranch wives filled wagons with long lists of staples on their monthly trip to town. Mining equipment and materials stacked on the docks of the three railroad warehouses waited for freight wagons. Times were very good. <br /> An advertisement appeared in the <em>Elko Independent</em> asking for bids and proposals to be the site of the state university. The bids were due in ten days and Elkoans wanted the school. So did every other water stop and tent town in the state. Let's not beat around the bush. State institutions were spoils, distributed according to political influence. At the moment, Elko had a great deal of power through Lewis R. "Broadhorns" Bradley, a hometown boy who happened to be governor of Nevada. <br /> On March 1, 1872, university regents opened proposals from Elko, Genoa, Carson City, Washoe City, Washoe Valley, and Reno. Elko's most verbal opponent, Reno, bid $10,000. Elkoans smirked a bit when their overture of $28,000 topped the field. The regents decided they couldn't make the decision and dumped the matter into the legislative chambers for the 1873 session. After attempts to substitute Reno and Winemucca in the bill, Elko won by a large majority in both houses. A preparatory school would be established making the coveted prize only a state supported high school. The battle, more small town rivalry than zeal for education, was over - for awhile. <br /> A site on a hill west of town was selected by the local committee and a well dug. The well did not produce any water. Time was very short, only ten months to build a university building, when the group decided the campus would to be on 21 acres just north of town. The area is now in the middle of Elko. <br /> The university campus was bordered by Court, Ninth, Oak (not a through street) and Twelfth streets. The new building would rise from the sagebrush in the northwest corner of the campus, where the old gymnasium at Elko High Schools now stands (corner of Ninth Street and College Avenue). <br /> The contractor had to begin immediately since the deadline for completion of the $5,000 building was February 15, 1874. They didn't fiddle around in those days. <br /> The main building was 30 by 50 feet, the two wings each 20 by 20 feet. Work was completed a month ahead of time. Meanwhile, there was futile plea after futile plea in the newspaper for people to contribute to the building fund - without a great deal of success. Here's the arithmetic: The original cost was estimated at $5,000; before the smoke cleared, those costs had soared to $15,000. So, what's new in the construction world? Fund raisers had gathered $3,000. The committee went to the county for bailing out. <br /> Commissioners authorized a $12,000 bond. The university building was handed over to the state free and clear but Elko County was saddled with the debt for years. But, the first university in the state stood on a hill overlooking Elko. It was a great day!</p>
<center>
<p><img src="http://www.gbcnv.edu/howh/UNElko3.jpg" alt="" width="395" height="217" /> <br />First University of Nevada Building in Elko. It was on the corner <br />of Ninth Street and College Avenue where the "Old Gymnasium" <br />on the Elko High School campus now stands. <span>Photograph from the</span> <span><em>Illustrated History of the University of Nevada, </em>1924,by Sam Doten</span></p>
</center>
<p> On February 23, 1874, the upstairs assembly hall was cleaned and the floors waxed in readiness of the Grand University Ball to be held that evening. What an evening it was when 65 couples, paying $6 each, came to the festivities in 33 degree below zero weather. In today's coin of the realm, the people paid eighty to ninety dollars for their ticket. It must have been a snobbish affair with only the wealthy attending. <br /> David Robert Sessions, a Princeton graduate, was appointed to head the new school. For four years he conducted a one-man school teaching a list of subjects that might overwhelm a modern high school instructor. <br /><img src="http://www.gbcnv.edu/howh/UNElko4.JPG" alt="" width="110" height="151" align="LEFT" />Sessions enrolled the first class. In his words, "I set about to gather any pupils that were available. I made no formal examination for admission but selected a class, boys and girls, more with reference to what they might learn as to what they knew. Two or three might have stood a fair entrance examination in a high school. The others I took on faith. All told, there were seven." <br /> Members of the first student body in a building built and furnished for one hundred were: Margaret Yeates (Keyser), Jessie Yeates (Hesson), Frank Rodgers, Allen Penrod, James B. Gallagher, Sarah Gillan (Muller), and Charles L. Rood. All were from Elko except Gillan, from Lamoille, and Penrod, from Island Mountain Mining District. Classes began October 12, 1874. All the students earned passing grades that first year. <br /> The next year classes began September 24, 1875, with most of the former students and few new ones showing up for entrance exams. The optimistic editor of the <em>Independent</em> claimed the university had 16 scholars. <br /> Various legislators, mostly those from the towns still trying to get the school located in their community, continually tried to cut finances or stop the money altogether over the next ten years. Somehow, though, funding, albeit miserly, was provided by the state. <br /> A dormitory was constructed at the corner of Ninth and Court streets. When it was finished in mid-January, Superintendent Sessions and his wife promptly moved in.</p>
<center>
<p><img src="http://www.gbcnv.edu/howh/UNElko5.JPG" alt="" width="377" height="307" /> <br />University of Nevada, Elko, dormitory at the corner of <br />Ninth and Court streets. <span>Drawing from <em>History of Nevada, 1881,</em></span> <br /><span>by Thompson and West.</span></p>
</center>
<p> Even with sparse enrollment and money, the first athletic team was fielded in March, 1877. James B. Gallagher, captain of the school's baseball team, issued a challenge to any ten-man team to play for the championship of Elko. <br /> The collegians played a three and one half hour game against a town team calling themselve the Royal Exclusives. The red and white clad youngsters, "looking like cheerfully animated barber poles," slugged out a 31 to 22 win. <br /> When Sessions was elected State Superintendent of Public Instruction he left Elko and the still fledgling school he started still suffering from drastically low enrollment. W.C. Dovey was appointed to replace him. <br /> Newspapers around the state continually complained that the institution was a failure and should never had been given to Elko. It was too far away from the population center. Study at the university cost next to nothing. Tuition and lodging were free. Board was only $30 monthly but students from the western side of the state had to travel upward to three hundred miles on dirt roads or the railroad to get here. With opposition from other towns, newspapers, and legislators the school struggled on. The largest enrollment reached 34 students - in its last year in Elko. Every session of the legislature was a battle of one kind or another - cut funding or move the school - but somehow the University stayed in Elko until 1885. It survived for 11 years. <br /> In the 1885 session of the legislature a bill was introduced to relocate the campus to Carson City. It failed by one vote. On the last day it was decided to move the University to Reno. Elko County would be paid $20,000. The measure passed the Assembly 30 to 9 and the Senate 12 to 6. That was it. On July 10, 1885, the University of Nevada in Elko closed its doors, the victim of jealousies and politics.</p>
<p><em>Epilog</em> <br /> After the students left, the building continued in public service. It was converted into the county hospital until demolished to make room for a gymnasium for Elko High School. <br /> The dormitory was sold and moved north on Ninth Street to the next lot. It became a boarding house and then met the same fate as the main building. It was torn down. <br /> Other than a few memories, all that remains of the first University of Nevada is a street called College Avenue. It runs in front of the site - put in and named after the school left town. <br /> In 1967, with funds collected locally, an ambitious group of Elko people started the first community college in the state. First called Elko Community College, its name was changed to Northern Nevada Community College, and now the institution, located on Elm Street with an attractive campus, is Great Basin College.</p>
<p>Howard Hickson <br />January 7, 2001</p>
<p><strong>Photograph credit:</strong> David S. Sessions, first principal of the University of Nevada, from <em>Nevada State University, 1874-1904, </em>edited by J.E. Church, Jr.</p>
<p><strong>Source</strong>: This vignette is condensed from an article I researched and wrote titled "Hardly a High School," published in the <em>Northeastern Nevada Historical Quarterly,</em> Winter 1974.</p>
<p> <span>©Copyright 2001 by Howard Hickson. Anyone is welcome to quote or use any portion or all of this article but proper credit must be given to the author.</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"> </td>
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</tbody>
</table>
</center>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Hardly a High School: University of Nevada, Elko (1874-1885)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Brief history of the University of Nevada's original location in Elko, NV.
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The University of Nevada's first home was actually in the new community of Elko, NV, between 1874 and 1885. Hickson recounts the formation of the new school, the trials and tribulations of its first decade, and the legislative debates which resulted in the University's move to Reno in 1886.</p>
<a title="Hardly a High School original webpage" href="http://www.gbcnv.edu/howh/UNElko.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">View original webpage [archive website]</a>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Howard Hickson
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Howard Hickson's Histories archive: <a title="Hardly a High School original webpage" href="http://www.gbcnv.edu/howh/UNElko.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://www.gbcnv.edu/howh/UNElko.html</a>
Publisher
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GBC Virtual Humanities Center
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2001
Contributor
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Northeastern Nevada Museum; Scott A. Gavorsky [VHC]
Rights
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© Copyright 2001 by Howard Hickson. Used with permission of author.
http://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/items/show/103 [admin access only]
Format
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html
Language
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English
college
Community
Crossroads
Elko
HHH
Story
University of Nevada
-
https://humanities.gbcnv.edu/omeka/files/original/0bc95967edec6309d2524783a0b08e8a.jpg
bb86c6d3f0811b81a1535aa518c5c237
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mark and Kathy Chilton - 5 June 2015
Subject
The topic of the resource
Mark and Kathy Chilton during their Oral History interview on 5 June 2015.
Description
An account of the resource
Mark and Kathy Chilton during their Oral History interview on 5 June 2015.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Scott A. Gavorsky [VHC]
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Great Basin College Virtual Humanities Center
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
5 June 2015
Format
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.jpeg; 300 px x 200 px; 96 dpi
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
GBC at 50
Subject
The topic of the resource
Items related to the celebration of Great Basin College's 50th anniversary (1967-2017)
Description
An account of the resource
Starting as Elko Community College in 1967 and later Northeast Nevada Community College, Great Basin College (GBC) began as a true community-oriented college to serve the needs of first northeast Nevada and now almost the entirety of rural Nevada.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Dr. Mark A. Curtis
Source
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GBC archives; GBC Faculty and Staff; community
Publisher
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GBC
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1967-2017
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Scott A. Gavorsky (VHC)
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Great Basin College
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
The person(s) performing the interview
Dr. Mark A. Curtis
Interviewee
The person(s) being interviewed
Mark and Kathy Chilton
Location
The location of the interview
GBC President's Office
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
DV cassette tape; .mp4 video
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
22:25
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Title
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GBC Founder Interview: Mark and Kathy Chilton
Subject
The topic of the resource
Interview with original GBC Founders Mark and Kathy Chilton, 5 June 2015.
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Mark and Kathy Chilton played key roles in helping to found Elko Community College (the predecessor to GBC), particularly in acquiring the land for the college. The Chiltons discusss Elko in the 1960s and share stories of the community and the college.<br /> <br />Interviewed by Dr. Mark A. Curtis, 5 June 2015.</p>
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Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Dr. Mark A .Curtis
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Original document
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Great Basin College Virtual Humanities Center
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
5 June 2015
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Scott A. Gavorsky, Frank Sawyer [VHC]
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Oral History Consent, Archiving, and Reproduction Agreement on file:
Language
A language of the resource
English
1960s
1970s
Community
Crossroads
Elko
Elko Community College
GBC50
Story